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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCity Council Resolution 14-068 - Housing Element Negative declaration RESOLUTION NO. 14-068 RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SARATOGA APPLICATION NUMBERS: ZOA14-0004 AND GPA14-0006 APPROVAL OF A NEGATIVE DECLARATION FOR THE 2015-2023 GENERAL PLAN HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE INCLUDING THE GENERAL PLAN HOUSING ELEMENT IMPLEMENTATION ORDINANCE AND AMENDMENTS TO THE GENERAL PLAN LAND USE ELEMENT The City of Saratoga City Council finds and determines as follows with respect to the proposed Negative Declaration regarding the above-described application for approval of the Project identified below: I. Project Summary The City of Saratoga City Council has considered a proposed Negative Declaration for adoption of the 2015-2023 General Plan Housing Element and related actions including the General Plan Housing Element Implementation Ordinance and Conforming Amendments to the General Plan Land Use Element. The foregoing actions are described as the "Project" in this Resolution. II. Environmental Review The City Council hereby finds that: 1. An Initial Study (IS) and Negative Declaration (ND) were prepared for the Project (Attachment A) by the City of Saratoga, pursuant to the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA, Public Resources Code sections 21000-21177), CEQA Guidelines (14 California Code of Regulations sections 15000-15387), and other applicable requirements. 2. The IS and a notice of intent to adopt a ND were duly noticed and circulated for a 30-day public review period ending on July 22, 2014. 3. The Negative Declaration was forwarded to the State Clearinghouse for review (Document#2014062067) and the 30 day review period ended on July 21, 2014 4. The IS and ND represents the City's independent judgment and analysis. 5. On July 23, 2014 the Planning Commission conducted a Public Hearing on the Project, during which opportunity was given to address the adequacy of the ND. All comments on the IS and ND raised during the public and agency comment period and prior to and at the Public Hearing on the Project were considered by the Planning Commission. The Planning Commission recommended that the City Council approve the ND and the Proj ect. Pagel of 3 6. The City Council was presented with and/or had the opportunity to review all of the information in the administrative record. 7. On November 19, 2014 the City Council held a Public Hearing on the Project, during which opportunity was given to address the adequacy of the ND. All comments on the IS and ND raised during the public and agency comment period and prior to and at the Public Hearing on the Project were considered by the City Council. After the conclusion of such Public Hearing, the City Council considered all oral and written comments and the Planning Commission's recommendation for approval of the ND and reviewed and considered the information in the IS and ND, public and agency comments on the IS and ND, the administrative record, and the staff report for completeness and compliance with CEQA,the CEQA Guidelines, and any and all other applicable requirements. 8. The ND has been completed in compliance with the intent and requirements of CEQA, CEQA Guidelines and any and all other applicable requirements. The City Council has considered the information contained in the ND and the record in considering the Project and related actions. 9. The documents constituting the record of proceedings upon which this decision is based are located in the City of Saratoga Department of Community Development and are maintained by the Director of that Department. 10. Pursuant to CEQA and CEQA Guidelines, the City Council finds on the basis of, and after review of, the whole record before it (including the Initial Study, the Negative Declaration, any and all comments received, and in light of expert and other evidence submitted), that there is no credible, substantial evidence that the Project may have a significant effect on the environment as to any issue raised. III. Adoption of Negative Declaration After careful consideration of the matter, the City Council hereby adopts the Negative Declaration for the Project included as Attachment A. Page 2 of 3 PASSED AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Saratoga, this 19th day of November, 2014 by the following vote: AYES: Mayor Emily Lo, Vice Mayor Howard Miller, Council Member Manny Cappello, Chuck Page, Jill Hunter NOES: None ABSENT: None ABSTAIN: None Emily Lo, Mayor ATTEST: Ott-C DATE: ( � p Cryst 1 Bothelio, City Clerk Page 3 of 3 J INITIAL STUDY AND NEGATIVE DECLARATION CITY OF SARATOGA 2015-2023 HOUSING ELEMENT LEAD AGENCY: City of Saratoga 13777 Fruitvale Avenue Saratoga, CA 95070 Contact: Christopher Riordan, AICP Senior Planner 408-868-1200 x 235 PREPARED BY: Metropolitan Planning Group 579 Clyde Avenue, Suite 340 Mountain View, CA 94043 Contact: Olivia Ervin, Environmental Planner 707-259-1790 June 23, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 1.1 STATUTORY AUTHORITY AND REQUIREMENTS..............................................................................................1 1.2 PURPOSE OF INITIAL STUDY..............................................................................................................................2 1.3 INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE.....................................................................................................................2 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................................................4 2.1 PROJECT LOCATION............................................................................................................................................8 2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ..............................................................................................................................10 2.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES/GOALS.........................................................................................................................12 2.4 PROJECT PHASING............................................................................................................................................12 2.5 AGREEMENTS, PERMITS AND APPROVALS....................................................................................................12 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SUMMARY.............................................................................................................15 3.1 BACKGROUND....................................................................................................................................................15 3.2 EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS.................................................................................................16 3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS POTENTIALLY AFFECTED................................................................................17 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................18 4.1 AESTHETICS......................................................................................................................................................18 4.2 AGRICULTURE RESOURCES............................................................................................................................21 4.3 AIR QUALITY......................................................................................................................................................22 4.4 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES...............................................................................................................................25 4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES..................................................................................................................................28 4.6 GEOLOGY AND SOILS.......................................................................................................................................31 4.7 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS........................................................................:.............................................34 4.8 HAZARDS/HAZARDOUS MATERIALS...............................................................................................................35 4.9 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY...............................................................................................................38 4.10 LAND USE AND PLANNING...............................................................................................................................41 4.11 MINERAL RESOURCES.....................................................................................................................................42 4.12 NOISE..................................................................................................................................................................43 4.14 PUBLIC SERVICES.............................................................................................................................................48 4.15 RECREATION.....................................................................................................................................................49 4.16 TRANSPORTATION/TRAFFIC............................................................................................................................50 4.17 UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS.................................................................................................................54 4.18 MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE....................................................................................................57 4.19 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................................59 4.20 REPORT PREPARATION PERSONNEL............................................................................................................60 5.0 CONSULTANT RECOMMENDATION...................................................................................................60 6.0 LEAD AGENCY DETERMINATION ......................................................................................................61 iii LIST OF TABLES Table2-0.1 Sites Summary..............................................................................................................................................7 Table 2-2.1 RHNA Allocation For Housing Cycle 2014-2022.........................................................................................11 Table 4.13-1 Housing Element Projections(2014-2022) Compared to ABAG...............................................................46 LIST OF EXHIBITS 2-1 General Plan Planning Area........................................................................................................................9 iii l_II1 "A'S A FZ A T Initial Study and Negative Declaration City of Saratoga 2015-2023 Housing Element 1 .0 INTRODUCTION The City of Saratoga's Housing Element comprises one of the seven General Plan Elements mandated by the State of California. The Housing Element update covers the planning period from January 2015 to July 2023 relative to the maintenance and development of housing to meet the needs of existing and future residents. The Project includes the 2015-2023 Housing Element as described in section 2.0. The Project is subject to the guidelines and regulations of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). This Initial Study addresses the direct, indirect, and cumulative environmental effects associated with the Project, as proposed. 1.1 STATUTORY AUTHORITY AND REQUIREMENTS In accordance with CEQA (Public Resources Code Sections 21000-21177) and pursuant to Section 15063 (Initial Study) of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), the City of Saratoga, acting in the capacity of the lead agency, is required to undertake the preparation of an Initial Study to determine whether the Project would have a significant environmental impact. If, as a result of the Initial Study, the lead agency finds that there is evidence that any aspect of the Project may cause a significant environmental effect, the lead agency shall further find that an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) is warranted to analyze Project-related and cumulative environmental impacts. Alternatively, if the lead agency finds that there is no evidence that the Project, either as proposed or as modified to include the mitigation measures identified in the Initial Study, may cause a significant effect on the environment, the lead agency shall find that the Project would not have a significant effect on the environment and shall prepare a negative declaration or mitigated negative declaration for the Project. Such determination can be made only if "there is no substantial evidence, in light of the whole record before the lead agency"that such an effect may occur(Section 21080(c), Public Resources Code). The environmental documentation, which is ultimately approved and/or certified by the City in accordance with CEQA, is intended as an informational document undertaken to provide an environmental basis of subsequent discretionary actions upon the Project. The resulting documentation is not; however, a policy document, and its approval and/or certification neither presupposes nor mandates any actions on the part of those agencies from which permits and other discretionary approvals would be required. The environmental documentation and supporting analysis are subject to a public review period. During this review, comments on the document relative to environmental issues should be addressed to the City. Following review of any comments received, the City will consider these comments as a part of the Project's environmental review and include them with the Initial Study documentation for consideration by the City. -7 - Introduction S A R A T A Initial Study and Negative Declaration '" City of Saratoga 2015-2023 Housing Element 1 .2 PURPOSE OF INITIAL STUDY The purpose of the Initial Study is to: (1) identify environmental impacts; (2) provide the lead agency with information to use as the basis for deciding whether to prepare an EIR or a negative declaration; (3) enable an applicant or lead agency to modify a project, mitigating adverse impacts before an EIR is required to be prepared; (4) facilitate environmental assessment early in the design of the project; (5) document the factual basis of the finding in a negative declaration that a project would not have a significant environmental effect; (6) eliminate needless EIRs; (7) determine whether a previously prepared EIR could be used for the project; and (8) assist in the preparation of an EIR, if required, by focusing the EIR on the effects determined to be significant, identifying the effects determined not to be significant, and explaining the reasons for determining that potentially significant effects would not be significant. Section 15063(4) of the CEQA Guidelines (Sections 15000-15387 of the CCR) identifies the following specific disclosure requirements for inclusion in an Initial Study: (1) A description of the project including the location of the project; (2) An identification of the environmental setting; (3) An identification of environmental effects by use of a checklist, matrix, or other method, provided that entries on a checklist or other form are briefly explained to indicate that there is some evidence to support the entries. . . ; (4) A discussion of ways to mitigate significant effects identified, if any; (5) An examination of whether the project would be consistent with existing zoning, plans, and other applicable land use controls;and, (6) The name of the person or persons who prepared or participated in the initial study. 1.3 INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE The following references were utilized during preparation of this Initial Study, and are incorporated into this document by reference. These documents are available for review at the City of Saratoga City Hall located at 13777 Fruitvale Avenue, Saratoga. • City of Saratoga General Plan and Environmental Impact Report (GP EIR). The City of Saratoga General Plan (General Plan) contains the plan for the future development and operation of the City. The General Plan is composed of seven elements mandated for inclusion by the State: Land Use (updated June 2007), Circulation and Scenic Highways (updated November 2010), Open Space and Conservation (these two elements consolidated and updated June 2007), Safety (updated February 2013), Noise (updated March 2014), and Housing (updated June 2007). The General Plan EIR has been updated by inclusion of the 2007 Housing Element Negative Declaration,the 2013 Safety Element Negative Declaration, the 2014 Noise Element Negative Declaration and the 2007 Land Use Element Mitigated Negative Declaration. The GP EIR concluded implementation of the General Plan would result in a built out capacity of approximately 35,000 persons. The 2007 Housing Element and Land Use Element found no significant impacts to population as the housing needs and population projections were covered by the residential units projected and analyzed in the GP EIR. -2. Introduction The GP EIR was utilized throughout this Initial Study as the fundamental planning document governing the proposed update to the Housing Element. Background information and policy information from the General Plan is cited in throughout this Initial Study. • Design Guidelines, adopted for the Saratoga Village Specific Plan area and for commercial properties in the Saratoga Sunnyvale Road Gateway District. The Guidelines serve to guide new development and redevelopment in a manner that enhances the unique character of the area. In particular the Guidelines provide direction for the design of mixed-use projects that introduce a residential component. The City also adopted the Residential Design Handbook, which further guides design considerations to ensure compatibility with surrounding land uses. City of Saratoga Zoning Code, as (continuously) updated. Chapter 15 of the City of Saratoga Municipal Code is known as the Zoning Regulations. The purposes of the Zoning Regulations are to protect, promote, and enhance the public health, safety, and general welfare, ensuring that development within the City is related to the City's ability to provide essential urban services and is consistent with the City's General Plan. Specifically, these regulations are adopted to achieve the following: a) To control the physical development of the City in such a manner as to preserve it as essentially a residential community with a rural atmosphere. b) To achieve the arrangement of land uses depicted in the General Plan. c) To foster a harmonious,convenient,workable relationship among land uses. d) To promote the stability of existing land uses which conform with the General Plan, and to protect them from inharmonious influences and harmful intrusions. e) To ensure that public and private lands ultimately are used for the purposes, which are most appropriate and most beneficial from the standpoint of the City as a whole. f) To prevent population densities in excess of those prescribed in the General Plan, and to maintain a suitable balance between structures and open spaces on each site. g) To ensure adequate light,air and privacy for each dwelling unit. h) To minimize traffic congestion and to avoid the overloading of utilities by preventing the construction of buildings of excessive size in relation to the land around them. i) To facilitate the appropriate location of community facilities and institutions. j) To provide for adequate off-street parking and loading facilities. k) To provide for the orderly, attractive development of commercial facilities in those areas where permitted by the General Plan. 1) To exclude new industrial development in order to preserve the essential residential character of the City. m) To preserve natural beauty of the City. n) To ensure that uses and structures enhance their sites and harmonize with improvements in the surrounding area. o) To protect and enhance real property values within the City. -3- Project Description i p) To protect and preserve heritage, native, and other significant trees at all times, including, the real property development planning and implementation processes. The Zoning Code specifies regulations that must be followed by every project within the City's jurisdictional area. Information within the City's Code was utilized in various sections of this Initial Study. 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The proposed project consists of the City of Saratoga's 2015-2023 Housing Element, which constitutes an update to the 2007-2014 Housing Element. The purpose of the Housing Element Update is to document the projected housing needs within the community and to set forth policies and programs that promote the development of diverse housing types and ensure affordability of housing Citywide. The proposed project for environmental review is the adoption of the 2015-2023 Housing Element, which includes the following: • Introduction(Chapter 1) • Housing Needs Assessment(Chapter 2) • Housing Constraints and Resources(Chapter 3) • Policy Program(Chapter 4) • Appendices A-D The Housing Element is one of seven General Plan Elements mandated by the State of California as outlined in Section 65580 to 65589.9 of the California Government Code. California State Law requires the Housing Element include, "... identification and analysis of existing and projected housing needs and a statement of goals, policies, qualified objectives and schedules programs for the preservation, improvement and development of housing." California State law further requires that a City plan for its share of new housing needs for all five state-defined income categories through the identification of an adequate amount of land zoned at densities necessary to accommodate the respective income categories. The RHNA goals established by the State of California do not represent a requirement that the city physically construct housing; rather, it requires the City address housing needs in its discretionary planning actions; this may involve incorporation of housing opportunities into the land use plan or facilitation of housing development through City policies. Housing Element Statutory Requirements California State Law requires the Housing Element be updated on an eight-year basis, on a timeline that is consistent with the Regional Transportation Plan, unless extended by the Legislature. Article 10.6, Section 65580-65589.8, Chapter 3 of Division 1 of Title 7 of the Government Code stipulates the legal requirements for housing and encourages the provision of affordable and decent housing for all communities. The 2015-2023 Housing Element update serves as the policy document that assesses current and projected housing needs as identified by the Housing and Community Development Department (HCD) and the Association of Bay Area Government (ABAG) and addresses those needs through targeted goals, policies and objectives that will be part of the comprehensive policy document. -4- Project Description Housing Programs and Objectives The 2015-2023 Saratoga Housing Element profiles community demographics and examines the interrelated housing needs of different groups including owners and renters, low-income households, elderly households and homeless persons amongst others. The programmatic information therein displays the City's good faith effort to provide and maintain an acceptable housing stock that serves the community at large per Government Code Section 65583(c). Saratoga's Housing goals and objectives can be found in Chapter 4. In order to reach the RHNA goals for extremely low, very-low, low, and moderate-income housing, the Housing Element has identified under-utilized or vacant sites that are prime areas through which to accommodate the City's projected housing needs. Saratoga needs to demonstrate that it has an adequate supply of land to support higher density housing, consisting of 20 or more du/acre. The concentration of high density housing on the identified "opportunity sites" opens up the potential for subsidies and affordable housing programs that may not otherwise be available. Meeting Regional Share Goals To enable the City of Saratoga to meet its share of the region's housing needs,the City has evaluated its capacity to provide available sites to meet the projected future housing needs, based on entitled development, existing development capacities, and vacant land resources. Chapter 15 of the City of Saratoga Municipal Code identifies eleven residential zoning districts. The City must demonstrate that it has, or will make available, adequate sites with appropriate zoning and development standards that are sufficiently served by public utilities and services with capacity available to accommodate the outstanding RHNA.The Housing Element Update identifies the City's plan to fulfill its share of regional housing needs through: Entitled Development (to Date (March 2014): The City of Saratoga has approved 18 new single family residential units, 10 new parcels through approved subdivisions and 5 new condominiums in mixed-use projects as of March 2014. It is anticipated that these approved units will be constructed within the 2014- 2022 RHNA Planning Period. The 33 approved units will be affordable to above-moderate income households. As these units are anticipated for development within the 2014-2022 planning period, the adjusted RHNA figures total 406 units. However, the city is planning for a buffer of 41 units, bringing the total unit count over the planning period to 480 including the 33 already approved units. Vacant Land Resources: It is expected that a capacity of 77 dwelling units could be accommodated through development of vacant lands within existing residential areas based on the permitted densities, ranging from 1 to approximately 15 dwelling units per acres the sites identified in Table B-3. The 77 units that could be developed on vacant lands would fulfill a large portion of the above-moderate income RHNA allocation. Candidate Sites for Mixed Use Development: Pursuant to AB 2348,jurisdictions with a shortfall of vacant and underutilized residential land to meet its RHNA needs must commit to a rezoning program to provide adequate sites to meet its housing growth needs. The Housing Element identifies several opportunity sites that along with vacant and underutilized lots provide sufficient opportunity to meet RHNA needs.As such, a rezoning program is not warranted. The following sites are identified in the Housing Element Update as having an opportunity to support residential development in conjunction with mixed-use: -5. Project Description Opportunity Site 1. Prospect Road The Prospect Road site includes six adjoining parcels located on Prospect Road between Saratoga Avenue and the Lawrence Expressway. The site currently supports a variety of uses including retail, restaurant, personal services and office uses and is located along an easily accessible, major transportation corridor. The Prospect Road site is bordered on three sides by parcels in San Jose that are zoned to allow residential development of up to 55 du/ac. The Prospect Road parcels contain adequate infrastructure to support residential development and no environmental constraints have been identified which would significantly limit the potential for residential development. During the 2007-2014 planning cycle, the identified parcels on the Prospect Road Opportunity Site were rezoned from Commercial Neighborhood (CN)to Commercial Neighborhood Residential High Density C- N(RHD). This rezone was intended to encourage mixed use development with a minimum net density standard of 20 du/ac thereby allowing 87 units to be counted towards the City's lower income housing needs pursuant to AB 2348. The 2015-2023 Housing Element Update modifies the C-N(RHD)ordinance to allow for up to 30 du/ac, a maximum height of 35 feet and would permit 3-story development.Accordingly,this level of development would provide for a realistic capacity of 173 dwelling units that would be affordable to low and very-low income households. Opportunity Site 2. Saratoga Village Center The parcels are currently characterized by retail and service uses setback from the street and surrounded by paved parking areas.The large surface parking area in front of the property is inconsistent with the development pattern of the Village Center along Big Basin Way. The Saratoga Village Commercial Center site consists of three adjoining parcels on 1.19 acres located between Highway 9 and Third Street.All parcels are located in what is the Commercial Historic District of Saratoga and are zoned CH-1 (Commercial-Historic). The CH-1 zone conditionally allows for mixed-use development. It is expected that the site would accommodate 22 units with a mix of commercial uses. These units would be affordable to moderate income households. Opportunity Site 3. Saratoga Gateway Site The Gateway Site feature four adjoining parcels located on the east side of Saratoga/Sunnyvale Road, north of the Southern Pacific Railroad Line. This site is located on a major transportation corridor with access to Highway 85 and Highway 280. The parcels are zoned Commercial Visitor (C-V) which conditionally allows for mixed use development. The existing uses onsite include retail and service. The existing buildings onsite is set back from the street and consists of single story structures dating from the 1960s to 1980s. The current retail businesses onsite include a public storage business, a funeral home and a variety of other retail/service-oriented businesses. Adjacent to the site are moderate density housing units.As described in Appendix B of the Housing Element Update the Gateway Site Opportunity Site 2 could accommodate 65 units at a density of 15 du/ac with a mix of commercial uses. These units would be affordable to moderate income households. -6. Project Description Opportunity Site 4.Abrams @ Saratoga Avenue Saratoga Avenue at Cox is characterized by a relatively vacant lot that is zoned Professional/ Administrative (P-A). The P-A zoning designation conditionally allows for mixed-use development. The site would support approximately 81 units at the low and very-low income level. This site is not counted towards the RHNA goals, as sufficient housing capacity is identified through the sites described in Housing Element. Nonetheless, in order to evaluate the site's cumulative contribution to result in potential impacts, Opportunity Site 4 is included as part of this environmental review document. Fellowship Plaza Fellowship Plaza is currently comprised of 150 independent living apartments. The Conditional Use Permit for Fellowship Plaza allows for the development of a minimum of 75 additional units affordable to Very Low- and Low-Income households without discretionary action beyond Design Review. The Community is comprised of 10.53 acres and represents the greatest potential to accommodate the RHNA need for lower income households. Second Unit Potential The City issued 15 final building permits for second dwelling units during the 2007-2014 reporting period. The City anticipates that the demand for second dwelling unit permits will increase with modifications to the City's Second Unit Ordinance through adoption of the 2015-2023 Housing Element. Proposed ordinance modifications include elimination of the minimum unit size and reductions to the requirements for minimum lot size necessary to support a second dwelling unit. Based on the proposed amendment to the City's Second Unit Ordinance, it is expected that 35-second dwelling units could be built with an average of five per year over the course of the 2014-2022 RHNA reporting period. Sites Summary Table a below summarizes Saratoga's capacity to meet the RHNA goals. It accounts for construction achievements and entitled projects and the realistic capacity from new units based on identified vacant land, candidate site, opportunity sites, and Fellowship Plaza Retirement Community, as well as the amendments to the Second Unit Ordinance.As indicated in the table below, the City has the capacity to meet all of the housing needs of the RHNA for the 2014-2022 period. Table 2-0.1 Sites Summary �•- `{ S d:;- Tf o t '7' Very Low- Low- Moderate- Above Total Incomel Income Income Moderate- Income 2014-2022 RHNA Need 147 95 104 93 439 Approved Units/Subdivisions 0 0 0 33 33 Vacant Land Capacity 0 0 0 77 77 -7- Project Description t Opportunity Site 1:C-N(RHD)Candidate Sites 173 0 0 173 Opportunity Site 2:Saratoga Village Center Sites 0 22 0 22 Opportunity Site 3:Saratoga Gateway Sites 65 65 Fellowship Plaza 75 0 0 75 Second Unit Potential 35 35 TOTAL Unit Potential 283 87 110 480 Source:City of Saratoga 1 The Extremely Low-income need is assumed to be 50%of the Very Low-Income allocation=73 units. The City's Regional housing needs(determined by ABAG) for the 2014-2022 period amount to 439 with 147 units allocated to low and extremely-low income residents. It should be noted that Opportunity Site 4 has also been identified as a candidate site that could support residential development, as a CUP would allow for mixed-use under the General Plan land Use designation. Accordingly, this site has also been considered as part of the overall development potential of the subject Housing Element Update although not specifically identified as part of the site survey location or counted towards achieving the designated RHNA allocation. Conforming_Amendments: In conjunction with the Housing Element the City will consider adoption of conforming amendments to the Land Use Element of the General Plan to ensure consistency with the proposed maximum height allowance and minimum density. Zoning Ordinance: The City will undertake review and update ordinances to implement the Housing Element, including the provision to allow a smaller lot size to support Second Unit development, the development of standards for Emergency Shelters, and the allowance of transitional and supportive housing in all zones where residential is a permitted use in accordance with S62. 2.1 PROJECT LOCATION The City of Saratoga(City)is located at the southerly end of the San Francisco Peninsula, in the Western portion of Santa Clara County. The City lies southwest of San Jose and approximately 35 miles southeast of San Francisco. The city boundaries encompass an area of approximately 12.8 miles. However, the city's sphere of influence extends beyond the city's jurisdictional boundaries and includes approximately 4 square miles of unincorporated land located south and west of the City. (See Figure 1 below). The north, south and eastern limits of the City are sited on an alluvial plain that is shared with the adjacent communities of Cupertino, San Jose, Los Gatos and Monte Sereno. The topography of the western portion of the City is defined by the low-lying foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Regional Access is provided by State Route 85(SR-85)that connects to US 280 in Cupertino, US 101 in Mountain View and South San Jose, and SR 17 to San Jose and Santa Cruz County. Local connectivity to adjacent cities is provided via Saratoga-Los Gatos Road, Saratoga Avenue, Highway 9,and Saratoga- Sunnyvale Road. The Housing Element Update applies to the land located within the City limits of Saratoga. -8. Project Description FIGURE 1:GENERAL PLAN MAP • a General Plan Map LEGEND i ........................ .....••••• • l MIlalde CtIm S.F v. ' an mit-I V y to,im'ItY Pe Wewul I7 a `=,;1t tOw Denslw P.,iaemlat w� --�� �' Iaedlmn Demny nesvknnal.M-15 I eW. Inedmn Dem11y llnwlmmac Mnz.s E =medium DenaRy PnWenbal:M.10 .. t' w _. aulll Famll Retldenllei PIamM Development Realden[lal i _I Iu110 Uta Plaming OwIct ® Plamed Development PlalesakmlAd.,imt,.W. .•y aminmiry_Cammmity nclad CFacility Hithide Open Space Open Space-Managed Resaace �� at� �.��� - - _peen Sp ce Ouldou Reaeallon .t openSpxeRw— PdAx U.Caddo, city tw. y-I`i •� � � � � .,, �d - —IMWn SnvkeArea t Hlllude Specllk PlanArea t Adopted by city Co—It June 6,2007 ............. .......a ».»:....................... -9. Project Description ,i 2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING POPULATION The City of Saratoga is one of 15 incorporated cities within Santa Clara County. The most recent census data for Santa Clara County is provided by the 2010 Census and indicates a population of 1,682,585 in 2000 and a population of 1,781,642 in 2010; an increase of 5.9%. Those numbers continued to rise between January 2012 and January 2013 to 1,862,041, making Santa Clara County, California's Number 1 fastest growing county. The City of Saratoga's population totaled 29,843 in 2000 and reached approximately 29,926 in 2010,exhibiting a 0.3% increase.The City has experienced a slower growth rate than the rest of the County.' HOUSING In the years between 2000 and 2010 Santa Clara's housing units increased from 579,329 to 631,920 and Saratoga's from 10,667 to 11,123, an increase of more than 4%. Saratoga continues to accommodate approximately 1.8% of the County's housing units. Review of the 2000 and 2010 censuses indicate that single family, detached homes plus detached units continue to make up more than 90% of the housing stock in Saratoga. Detached homes make up the majority, with 85% consisting of single family detached. There has been a very slight decrease in the percentage of single-family detached homes from 2000 to 2010 of 5.4%. One notable change that took place between 2000 and 2010 was the increase in construction of the number multiple family dwellings with 2 or more bedrooms. Of Saratoga's owner-occupied housing for the years 2007-2011, 93.1 percent or 8,493 were single-family detached, which are followed by the second largest group of single family-attached, constituting 438 units or 4.8 percent. Likewise, renter-occupied units are weighted to single family-detached, accounting for approximately 606 units or 38.1% of renter-occupied units. The second largest renter-occupied housing type is multi-family units (5+ units), which amount to 676 units or 425%. 2011 Census data indicates that for that year 85%of the housing stock was owner-occupied with 15%renter occupied. In the greater Santa Clara County census data indicates that from 2007-2011, owner-occupied housing accounted for approximately 58.7%of housing units,followed closely by renter-occupied units at 41.3%. At the time of the 2010 census the vacancy rate reported for Saratoga was 3.5 percent, up until 2008 it was reported by the Department of Finance as 1.9%. Vacancy is an indicator of housing supply and demand. Low vacancy rates influence greater upward price pressures and inversely, a high vacancy rate influences downward price pressures. Typically, a 4-5% vacancy rate is considered in the healthy range that is beneficial to renters and property owners. The age of the City's housing stock can also be a valuable indicator of housing conditions. In Saratoga, approximately 80.1 percent of the housing units were built prior to 1980 and 31.6 percent prior to 1960. It is expected that housing older than 30 years may require basic repairs and housing older than 50 years is considered "aged" and likely to require more extensive repairs. A spike in home construction occurred in the 1960s when 3,074 homes were built, which translates to 27.6 percent of the present housing stock. The era exhibiting the most limited home construction was the era spanning from 1940-1949 when only 333 homes were built or 3.0 percent of the present housing stock. US Census and Bay Area Census,2010. _10- Project Description 1 Further indicative of housing conditions is the level of infrastructure and utilities able to adequately serve households. Housing is considered substandard when conditions are found to be below the minimum standard of living as defined by the California Health and Safety Code. In addition to absence of adequate infrastructure and/or utilities, housing may be considered substandard when it exhibits inadequate maintenance, structural instabilities, faulty weather protection and potential fire hazards. The 2007-2011 American Community Census Data indicates that 74 or 0.7 percent of housing units in Saratoga lack plumbing facilities and_140, or 1.3 percent, lack complete kitchen facilities. Some of the properties accounted for lack both complete plumbing facilities and kitchen facilities. Housing affordability is directly related to a household's ability to pay for housing, and to be considered "affordable", housing expenses should constitute 30 percent or less of a household's expenses.According to the 2013 California Department of Housing the median value for all owner-occupied units in Saratoga exceeded $1,000,000. Comparatively, in 2011 the median housing value for all houses in Santa Clara County was $681,000. The American Community Survey data for 2007-2011 indicates that in Saratoga, 95.7 percent of homes are valued at or above $500,000 (with 83.9 percent of those valued at or above $1,000,000),while 4.3 percent are valued at or below$500,000. In 2012 the median sale price in Saratoga was$1,527,500 and in 2013 that number rose to$1,600,000,an increase of 4.75 percent. The average gross rent in Saratoga in 2011 was $1,698, exhibiting a decrease of 25.5 percent from the year 2000. Current surveys of market rents indicate an average rent of$4,510 for a 3-bedroom single family home. According to the 2007-2011 American Community Survey, 37 percent of renters in Saratoga devoted 30 percent or more of their income to rent in 2011, and more than 20 percent of households spent 50 percent or more of their income on rent. REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT Each local jurisdiction in California is mandated by State Law to adequately accommodate its "fair share" of regional housing needs. The "fair share" is defined as the number of additional housing units needed to accommodate the forecasted growth and is represented as the number of additional units needed to accommodate future growth and replace demolished or converted housing units. The "fair share" should be accommodated with the intention of achieving a future vacancy rate that allows for a healthy housing market. The Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) is the entity responsible for allocating housing needs to Bay Area Jurisdictions, including Saratoga. The allocation is reflected in the Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA). The RHNA allocates housing for all respective income categories including extremely low , very low, low, moderate and above moderate incomes. The RHNA allocation quantifying the future housing needs for the period of 2014-2022 is depicted in Table 2-2.1, below. The total identified housing needs inclusive of all income levels amounts to 439. Table 2-2.1 RHNA Allocation For Housing Cycle 2014-2022 Saratoga 74 73 95 104 93 _ 439 -11 - Project Description i 2.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES/GOALS The Housing Policy Program (Chapter 4) details the City's goals, policies, and actions in regards to the maintenance, improvement, preservation, and development of housing for all segments of the community. In developing the Policy Program, the City assessed its current and projected housing needs, evaluated performance in implementing existing policies and programs, analyzed current constraints and resources,and considered input from residents and stakeholders. Through the development of the Policy Program,the City has identified five broad housing priorities: 1. To ensure an adequate supply of housing is available to meet future and existing housing needs of all economic segments of the community. 2. To provide maintenance and rehabilitation activities to help ensure the quality of the City's existing housing stock and neighborhoods is preserved. 3. To ensure quality design of new developments and to enhance the aesthetic qualities and livability of the City. 4. To promote the practice of providing equal housing opportunities for all persons without discrimination on the basis of families with children, elderly persons, persons with disabilities, the homeless and all other segments of the community. 5. To maximize use of limited local resources by building partnerships and coordinating housing efforts with outside agencies and organizations. a 2.4 PROJECT PHASING The Housing Element addresses the planning period from 2015-2023. 2.5 AGREEMENTS, PERMITS AND APPROVALS Approval of the Project is subject to the following legislative actions by the City of Saratoga: • 2015-2023 Housing Element Approval • Amendments to the Second Dwelling Units Ordinance, 15-56.030 • General Plan Amendment(to allow for increase in stories and minimum density;to be confirmed) • Amendment to Ordinance C-N(RHD) Copies of these proposed actions (the approval documents) are available in the City of Saratoga Community Development Department and are a part of this project description. Adoption of the update to General Plan's Housing Element is subject to review and/or approval by the following agencies: • City of Saratoga Planning Commission; City of Saratoga City Council; and California Department of Housing and Community Development. -12- Project Description 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SUMMARY 3.1 BACKGROUND 1. Project Title: City of Saratoga 2015-2023 Housing Element 2. Lead Agency Name and Address: City of Saratoga 13777 Fruitvale Road, Saratoga, CA 95070 3. Contact Persons and Phone Number: Christopher Riordan, Senior Planner Phone: 707-259-1790 4. Project Location: City of Saratoga 5. Project Sponsor's Name and Address: City Saratoga 13777 Fruitvale Road Saratoga, CA 95070 6. General Plan Designation: Various 7. Zoning: Various 8. Description of the Project: The Project consists of an update to the Housing Element of the City of Saratoga General Plan; refer to Section 2.0, Pr ojecf Description. 9. Surrounding Land Uses and Setting: North: City of Cupertino South: City of Monte Sereno East: City of San Jose West: Sphere of Influence and County of Santa Clara 10. Other public agencies whose approval is required (e.g., permits, financing approval, or participation agreement): The California Department of Housing and Community Development has authority of review and comment on the Housing Element. No other public agencies have authority over the Project. -15- Environmental Summary i 3.2 EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS This Initial Study and Negative Declaration analyze the potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed Project. The issue areas evaluated in this Initial Study are: • Aesthetics; Land Use and Planning; • Agriculture Resources; Mineral Resources; • Air Quality; Noise; • Biological Resources; Population and Housing; • Cultural Resources; Public Services; • Geology and Soils; Recreation; • Hazards and Hazardous Materials; Transportation/Traffic;and • Hydrology and Water Quality; Utilities and Service Systems. The environmental analysis in this section is patterned after the Initial Study Checklist recommended by the CEQA Guidelines Appendix G and used by the City in its environmental review process. For the preliminary environmental assessment undertaken as part of this Initial Study's preparation, a determination that there is a potential for significant effects indicates the need to more fully analyze the Project's impacts and to identify mitigation. In the evaluation of potential impacts in Section 4.0, Environmental Analysis, the questions in the Initial Study Checklist are stated and an answer is provided based on the analysis undertaken as part of the Initial Study. The analysis considers the short-term, long-term, direct, indirect and cumulative impacts of the Project. To each question,there are four possible responses: • No Impact: The project would not have any measurable environmental impact on the environment. • Less Than Significant Impact: The project would have the potential for impacting the environment,although this impact would be below established significance thresholds. • Potentially Significant Unless Mitigation Incorporated: The project would have the potential to generate impacts that may be considered a significant effect on the environment, although mitigation measures or changes to the project's physical or operational characteristics could reduce these impacts to levels that are less than significant. • Potentially Significant Impact: The project would have impacts that are considered significant, and additional analysis is required to identify mitigation.measures that could reduce these impacts to less than significant levels. -16- Environmental Summary i 3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS POTENTIALLY AFFECTED The environmental factors checked below would be potentially affected by this Project, involving at least one impact that is a "Potentially Significant Impact" or a "Potentially Significant Unless Mitigation Incorporated,"as indicated by the checklist on the following pages. Aesthetics Land Use and Planning Agriculture Resources Mineral Resources Air Quality Noise Biological Resources Population and Housing Cultural Resources Public Services Geology and Soils Recreation Hazards and Hazardous Materials Transportation/Traffic Hydrology and Water Quality Utilities and Service Systems Mandatory Findings of Significance -17- Environmental Summary 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS The following is a discussion of potential project impacts as identified in this Initial Study and Negative Declaration. Explanations are provided for each item. 4.1 AESTHETICS Pot" NY teas nn the ect SkOffcant [mss s m-Na t Nom ,, bmad a. Have a substantial adverse effect on a X scenic vista? b. Substantially damage scenic resources, including,but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic X highway? c. Substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site X and its surroundings? d. Create a new source of substantial light or glare, which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area? X Aesthetics Setting: The City's Planning Area contains a number of aesthetic and visual resources that include views of the Santa Cruz Mountains,landmarks and notable viewsheds. Aesthetics Impact Discussion: 4.1(a) Less than Significant Impact: Scenic Vistas identified in the Saratoga General Plan are largely limited to the ridgelines and hillsides of the Santa Cruz Mountains.All identified housing sites are confined to previously developed and/or underdeveloped sites located within an urbanized area. None of the identified "opportunity sites" are located in an area that would block or adversely impact a scenic vista. Therefore, impacts to scenic vistas would be below levels of significance. 4.1(b) Less than Significant Impact: The City of Saratoga has one State Designated Scenic Highway, Highway 9.The designated scenic portion of Highway 9 begins at the Los Gatos City Limit,east of Saratoga, and extends to the intersection of SR 35(Skyline Boulevard)at the Santa Cruz County line. In addition to the State designated Scenic Highway,the City also has locally designated the portion of Saratoga Ave, between Fruitvale Avenue and Park Place, and Austin Way, south of Saratoga to Los Gatos way as "Heritage Lanes." -18- Environmental Analysis Five roadway segments are defined as Santa Clara County Scenic Roadways per Section 3.30.050 of the Santa Clara Municipal Code. The county has designated portions of Skyline Boulevard; Congress Springs Road; Bohlman Road/Montelvina Road; Mt. Eden Road;and Sanborn Road as County Scenic Roadways. State Route 9 traverses the Saratoga Village Center,which is delineated as Opportunity Site 2.An increase in density and/or height allowances at this location could potentially impact scenic resources viewed from the State Scenic Highway if not properly protected. The stretch of highway in the Village Center extending from just before 6th street to the terminus at Blaney Plaza is developed with existing residential and commercial structures. The Housing Element Update does not propose an increase in height at this location, but would support up to 22 residential units under a mixed-use redevelopment project. The Housing Element Update proposes increases density and heights at Opportunity Site 1, which could potentially affect viewsheds if not properly designed. However, any proposed development would constitute infill and not significantly alter the view as seen from the State Scenic Highway. Furthermore, design parameters will be reviewed during the site-specific development proposals and mitigated appropriately. The Housing Element Update would not result in a cumulative impact that would substantially alter the views as seen from a State Designated Highway. Therefore, impacts to scenic resources would remain at levels below significant. 4.1(c) Less than Significant Impact: The new sites identified as part of the Housing Element Update are generally confined to already developed or underdeveloped areas located within the City's Planning Area.All proposed development, including that of opportunity sites, would be confined to underdeveloped land and is not expected to depart significantly from the existing conditions in terms of scale and/or character to surrounding development. Impacts related to visual resources are expected to remain at levels below significance. The"opportunity site" located at Saratoga Avenue and Cox is vacant. It is presently zoned P-A(Professional Administrative)which conditionally allows for mixed use development including residential. Given the current zoning of the site, the residential development potential has been previously evaluated. Accordingly, the identification of this site as an opportunity site for residential development is consistent with the existing General Plan and zoning.Additionally, it should be noted that this site is surrounded by existing single-family residential and commercial land uses and would constitute infill development.Any proposed development for the site would be subject to design review and the goals and policies of the General Plan, which will ensure that any new development is consistent with the scale and design of the surrounding urban setting. The Housing Element introduces new policies and programs that encourage infill development in areas that have been identified as opportunity sites capable of supporting residential development.Although residential densities have the potential to increase slightly,the additional units would not substantially alter the character of the Planning Area. All future residential development will be required to conform to the existing General Plan and will be reviewed for compatibility with surrounding development. Therefore,the HE Element update is not expected to adversely affect the visual environment of the Planning Area and any impacts to visual resources would be at levels below significance. 4.1(d) Less than Significant Impact: The proposed 2015-2023 Housing Element Update would potentially create new sources of light and glare associated with residential uses. However, site specific CEQA review and site-specific design review per Article 15-46 of the City's Municipal Code will be performed at the time that development applications are received. The subject updated to the HE would not introduce new sources of light or glare beyond what has been anticipated as part of the overall development potential within the Planning Area. Therefore, any impacts resulting from the Housing Element Update would be less than significant. -19- Environmental Analysis Mitigation Measures: None required beyond compliance with the General Plan policies including the following: Land Use LU 8 The natural beauty of the West Valley hillside area shall be maintained and protected for its contribution to the overall quality of life of current and future generations. LU 9 Preserve the rural nature of the hills by limiting incompatible development. LU 10 Minimize he visual impacts of hillside development,especially on ridgetops. LU 13 The City shall use the design review process to assure that new construction and major additions thereto are compatible with the site and the adjacent surroundings. Open Space OSC 2 Preserve the City's existing character which includes small town residential, rural/semi-rural areas and open spaces. OSC 6 Preserve the hillside lands in their natural condition and inherent natural beauty. OSC 7 Use the design review and environmental review process to ensure that development proposals in the hillsides are compatible with the natural environment -20- Environmental Analysis 4.2 AGRICULTURE RESOURCES y pawl* »Ton -solodicam- uns III ct l a. Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the X California Resources Agency, to non- agricultural use? b. Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural X use, or a Williamson Act contract? c. Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of,forest land(as defined in Public Resources Code section 12220(g)), timberland(as defined by Public Resources X Code section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code section 51104(g))? d. Result in the loss of forest land or X conversion of forest land to non-forest use? e. Involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of X Farmland, to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? Agricultural Resources Setting: The City of Saratoga retains approximately 150 acres of agricultural lands within the otherwise urbanized City. Approximately 109 of the 150 acres of agricultural lands are protected under Williamson Act Contracts. Agricultural Resources Impact Discussion: 4.2. (a-e) No Impact: The 2015-2023 Housing Element does not propose any changes to agricultural lands including the conversion of prime farmland, unique farmland or farmland of statewide importance to a non- agricultural use, nor will the project conflict with any agricultural zoning or Williamson Act Contracts. As the project will be confined to urbanized areas within the planning area there is no expectation of impacts to forestlands (lands exhibiting 10% native tree cover of any species that allow for management of one or more forest resources) and therefore there is no indication that the project would conflict with existing forested land zoning or encourage the loss or conversion of forested land to another use. The project will be confined to already urbanized areas and underutilized sites and therefore, no impacts associated with agricultural lands or forestlands are expected. Mitigation Measures: None required beyond compliance with the goals outlined in the General Plan and hillside Specific Plan including: LU 7 Protect existing agricultural resources and encourage expansion of this use. -21 - Environmental Analysis 1 4.3 AIR QUALITY �ne�.�e tx�ia ► ► Thr = Le"Tho turd. 11311 les knoact knpaa Ott► •wa»aa= a. Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air X quality Ian? b. Violate any air quality standard or contribute substantially to an existing X or projected air quality violation? c. Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non- attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard X (including releasing emissions which exceed quantitative thresholds for ozone precursors)? d. Expose sensitive receptors to X substantial pollutant concentrations? e. Create objectionable odors affecting a X substantial number of people? Sources:2010 BAAQMD Clean Air Plan;and BAAQMD CEQA Guidelines Air Quality Setting: The City of Saratoga is located in the Santa Clara Valley and within the San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin (SFBAAB) and therefore subject to the ambient air quality standards (AAQS)established by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District(BAAQMD), and those adopted by the California Resources Board (CARE), and the U.S Environmental Protection Agency.Air quality within the Bay Area Air Basin is determined by natural, geographical, and meteorological conditions, as well as human activities including construction and development, operation of vehicles, and industry and manufacturing. The Santa Clara Valley is bounded by the Bay to the north, and mountains to the east, south and west. Winds in the valley are largely influenced by the terrain of the valley and typically parallel the valley's northwest-southeast axis. The air pollution potential for the Santa Clara Valley is considered high based on the high summer temperatures, stable air and topographical features, which serve to promote ozone formation. The inversion pattern that occurs in both the summer and winter months exacerbates the impacts of pollutants. Ozone precursors are also generated by adjacent municipalities and carried over by prevailing winds into the Santa Clara Valley. The high concentration of industry in the Silicon Valley generates air toxics and criteria air pollutants with a high rate of mobile source emissions generated by the many work-site destinations. The BAAQMD is responsible for planning, implementing, and enforcing air quality standards within the Bay Area Air Basin, including the City of Saratoga. The BAAQMD operates a monitoring station nearby in Los Gatos,where it records pollutant concentration levels for carbon monoxide(CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ozone (Os), and Particulate Matter(PM2.5). The BAAQMD Compliance and Enforcement Division routinely conducts inspections and audits of potential polluting sites to ensure compliance with applicable federal,State, and BAAQMD regulations. -22- Environmental Analysis The Bay Area Air Basin is designated as non-attainment for both the one-hour and eight-hour state and national ozone standards; 0.09 parts per million (ppm) and 0.070 ppm, respectively. The Basin is also in non-attainment for the PMio and PM2.5 state standards, which require an annual arithmetic mean (AAM) of less than 20 pg/m3 for PM10 and less than 12 pg/m3 for PM2.5• In addition, the Bay Area Air Basin is designated as non-attainment for the national 24-hour PM2.5 standard. All other national ambient air quality standards within the Bay Area Air Basin are in attainment.2 The 2010 Bay Area Clean Air Plan (CAP), adopted by the BAAQMD in September 2010, served to update the 2005 Bay Area Ozone plan in accordance with the requirements of California Clean Air Act. The Bay Area CAP incorporated updated emissions inventories, ambient measurements, new meteorological episodes and air quality modeling tools and serves as the framework for SFAAB to achieve attainment of the California AAQS. Air Quality Impact Discussion 4.3(a) No Impact: The BAAQMD adopted the Bay Area 2010 Clean Air Plan (CAP) in September 2010 to comply with state air quality planning requirements set forth in the California Health & Safety Code. The 2010 CAP serves to update the 2005 Ozone Strategy and provides control strategies to address air quality pollutants including ozone (03), Particulate Matter (PM), toxic air contaminants (TACs), and greenhouse gases(GHGs).A total of 55 control strategies have been developed as part of the CAP for land use, energy and climate, stationary sources, transportation, and mobile sources. Control strategies are designed to reduce emissions of ozone precursors, PM, air toxics, and greenhouse gases, work towards attainment of state ozone standards, reduce transport of ozone to neighboring basins, and to protect public health and the climate. Measures to implement control strategies include the use of clean and efficient vehicles, Green Construction Fleets, enhanced bicycle and pedestrian access, energy efficiency, and others. The BAAQMD CEQA Guidelines set forth criteria for determining consistency with the CAP. In general a project is considered consistent if a) the project supports the primary goals of the CAP, b) includes control measures and c) does not interfere with implementation of the CAP measures. The Housing Element Update is consistent with the existing CAP and none of its proposed changes would conflict with the implementation of the CAP. Therefore, no impacts related to a Regional Air Quality Plan are expected. 4.3(b-c) Less than Significant Impact: The Housing Element Update proposes that Saratoga accommodate future housing on vacant and/or underdeveloped lands located within the boundaries of the City's Planning Area. It is anticipated that construction and operation of proposed housing will generate pollutant emissions through both stationary and mobile-point sources. However, as the Housing Element Update is a policy document and not a site specific project proposal, no emission calculations and have been conducted.All future residential development proposed will be reviewed in accordance with CEQA at which time air quality impacts would be evaluated and mitigated for as needed. The subject Housing Element Update does not introduce new policies or require amendments that have the potential to generate air quality emissions beyond what has been anticipated. Therefore, any air quality impacts associated with the proposed Update will remain at levels below significant. 4.3(d) Less than Significant Impact: Sensitive Receptors refers to those who may have a heightened sensitivity to air pollutants; these may include persons under the age of 14 and over the age of 65, persons with cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases and athletes in training. The Housing Element identifies potential housing sites to be located in underdeveloped areas throughout the City. The policy updates proposed would not substantially increase the risk to nearby sensitive receptors. z "2010 Clean Air Plan,"prepared by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District,September 2010. -23- Environmental Analysis Furthermore, air quality impacts to sensitive receptors will be reviewed and mitigated for on a site-specific basis if and when development is proposed. Therefore, the subject Update will result in less than significant impacts to sensitive receptors. 4.3(e) Less than Significant Impact: The Housing Element is not expected to create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people. Future development has the potential to generate odors during construction from heavy-duty equipment exhaust or from application of paint and asphalt. Construction activities would be temporary and not result in any permanent impacts to the adjacent land uses, including those with sensitive receptors. All new development would be subject to compliance with standards established for the BAAQMD for odor control. Therefore, impacts related to objectionable odors are expected to be less than significant. Mitigation Measures: None required beyond compliance with the following General plan policies: LU 15 Improve local and regional air quality by ensuring all development projects incorporate all feasible measures to reduce air pollutants. LU 15.1 Require development projects to comply with BAAQMD measures to reduce fugitive dust emissions due to grading and construction activities. LU 15.2 Encourage use of trip demand measures as part of major commercial and office development projects to reduce dependence on auto use. LU 15.3 Discourage the use of wood burning fireplaces by limiting to one per residence, including outdoor/patio fireplaces. Circulation and Scenic Highway Element CI 2.22 Require a transportation analysis for all development projects resulting in 50 or more net new daily trips. The analysis shall identify potential impacts to intersection and roadway operations, project access, and alternative travel modes, and shall identify feasible improvements or project modifications to reduce or eliminate impacts. Impact significance should be consistent with the criteria maintained b the VTA. City staff should have the discretion to require focused'studies regarding access, sight distance,and other operational and safety issues. Cl 2.23 Evaluate development proposals and design roadway improvements based on established Level of Service standards. C1.2.28 Develop and adopt a Neighborhood Traffic Management (NTM) Plan to specifically include a process for identifying problem areas, and for evaluating, funding, and implementing traffic calming measures to reduce high traffic volumes and travel speeds on City streets. C14.Oa Promote local and regional transit as a viable alternative to automobile travel for destinations within and outside the City. CI 4.Ob Promote the use of alternative modes of transportation by improving the capacity, safety, accessibility, and convenience of existing and planned transit, bicycle and pedestrian systems. -24- Environmental Analysis 4.4 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES y Thu !io MWnt a. Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications,on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California X Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? b. Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional X plans, policies, regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service? c. Have a substantial adverse effect on federally protected wetlands as defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct X removal,filling, hydrological interruption,or other means? d. Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native X resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites? e. Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, X such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance? f. Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan? X Sources:Saratoga General Plan:Open Space&Conservation Element,2007;Holland's Preliminary Descriptions of Terrestrial Natural Communities of California(Holland,1986);US Fish&Wildlife National Wetlands Mapper. Biological Resources Setting: Biological resources are protected by statute including the Federal Endangered Species Act (FESA), the California Endangered Species Act (CESA), and the Clean Water Act(CWA). The Migratory Bird Treaty Act(META)affords protection to migratory bird species including birds of prey. These regulations provide the legal protection for plant and animal species of concern and their habitat. -25- Environmental Analysis The Saratoga Planning Area includes two discrete habitat types within the boundaries of the Planning Area: hillside habitat and urban habitat. The hillside habitat is largely confined to the western portions of the City and is comprised of a mix of chaparral (on the dry hillsides), Oak woodland,and Redwood groves. The urban habitat located on the relatively flat expanses of the City is largely limited to, "ornamental landscaping, non-native grasses and weed associations (ruderal vegetation)and/or scattered agricultural crop and orchard plantings."(Holland). Sensitive animal and plant species located within the urbanized portions of the City include Burrowing Owl, California Tiger Salamander, and Red Legged Frog. There are also a number of native and ornamental tree species within the urbanized area that are protected through Saratoga's Tree Regulations per City Code, Article 15-50 and through the adoption of the 2001 International Society of Arborist's Standards. Biological Impact Discussion: 4.4 (a — d) Less than Significant Impact: As a policy document, the Saratoga Housing Element Update is not expected to adversely impact any biological resources. Future housing anticipated by this policy document will be accommodated in urbanized areas of the City, thereby avoiding especially valuable and/or sensitive habitat. However, it is noted in the Saratoga General Plan a number of plant and animal species, including, but not limited to, the Burrowing Owl, California Tiger Salamander and Red Legged Frog may be present within City limits. Therefore, removal and/or modification of vacant and/or underdeveloped lands within the urbanized area could adversely impact said species. However, as stated earlier, the Housing Element Update is a policy document intended to plan for and enable future housing development. Any development that is carried out as an extension of the goals and objectives set forth in the subject Element will be evaluated and reviewed in accordance with General Plan Policy OSC 11.2 at which time any adverse impacts to biological resources will be identified based on site specific design. The Housing Element does not alter the existing land use designations nor does it introduce new policies that would promote development within sensitive areas. Rather, the majority of the development potential identified by the Housing Element Update is within already developed areas and underutilized lots. Adherence to the adopted General Plan policies such as OSC 11.2 that requires site specific biological surveys will ensure that sensitive habitat is identified and protected or mitigation appropriate as part of the development review process. Therefore, potential impacts to sensitive habitat generated by the policies set forth in the Housing Element Update would be less than significant. 4.4(e) Less than Significant Impact: The Housing Element Update encourages infill development in previously developed or urbanized areas of the City. Thus, any potential for conflict with an existing plan will be limited.As part of the development review process potential impacts to biological resources will be evaluated on a project by project basis as required by CEQA. However, because the proposed Housing Element Update and goals therein remain consistent with goals and objectives outlined in the General Plan, specifically the Open Space and Conservation Element, any potential impacts would be below levels of significance. 4.4(f) No Impact: At present, no Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or State Habitat Conservation Plan exists for the City of Saratoga. The Housing Element Update sets forth policies to accommodate new residential development within the existing, urbanized portions of the City thereby avoiding areas designated open space and/or those supporting significant animal or plant habitat. Therefore, the Housing Element Update would have no impact due to a conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan or any other Natural Community Conservation Plan approved by a local, regional or state body. -26- Environmental Analysis Mitigation Measures: None required beyond compliance with General Plan policies and goals including the following: LU 8.1 Development proposals shall minimize impacts to ridgelines, significant natural hillside features, including but not limited to steep topography, major stands of vegetation, especially native vegetation and oak trees, and watercourses. LU 8.2 Adhere to the Northwestern Hillside Specific Plan (derived by Measure A) which is incorporated herein by this reference. LU 9.1 Limit the amount of grading within hillside areas to the minimum amount needed for dwellings and access. OSC 11 Protect and enhance sensitive vegetative and wildlife habitat in the Saratoga Planning area. OSC 11.1 Minimize development that would encroach into important wildlife habitats, limit or restrict normal range areas, or restrict access to water food or shelter. This includes limitations on the installation of barrier fencing in hillside areas. OSC 11.2 Through the development and CEQA process, preserve, protect, and maintain riparian habitats and creek corridors. This includes requiring biological surveys of parcels of land that could contain sensitive species or their habitats prior to allowing development on these parcels. OSC 12 Support appropriate management for sustaining the health and increasing the extent of urban forest resources in the City. The specific vision is to increase overall tree cover, tree health and consequent tree benefits in an equitable, cost beneficial and sustainable manner. OSC 12.1 Development projects should include the preservation of protected trees and other significant trees. Any adverse effect on the health and longevity of native oak trees, protected or other significant trees should be avoided through appropriate design measures and construction practices. When tree preservation is not feasible, individual development projects shall include appropriate tree replacement as approved by the City. OSC 12.2 It is the City's policy that forested lands in the City's Sphere of Influence shall be managed to maximize environmental protection and to discourage logging to the maximum extent possible,consistent with proper fire protection standards and practices. -27- Environmental Analysis 4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES Rotwm Potentially sipli Less Than Would themiect: Significant unless No Impact Impact miogation t nwmmaWd mpact a. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical X resource as defined in CEQA Guidelines 15064.5? b. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an X archaeological resource pursuant to CEQA Guidelines 15064.5? c. Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or X unique geologic feature? d. Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal X cemeteries? Sources: City of Saratoga General Plan; CEQA Section 15064.5, Subdivision (F); and California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 Cultural Resources Setting: Saratoga's beginnings date back to 1846 when Bill Campbell and sons established Quito Mill along the banks of Quito Creek. The subsequent discovery of mineral springs prompted a robust spa industry. Later, agricultural industry and orchards became a dominant facet of the landscape until the 1940s when the post-WII Housing boom happened and much of the agricultural land transitioned from crops to housing. In order to perpetuate the unique character of Saratoga,the City adopted a resolution that established a Historic Preservation Ordinance and created a Historic Preservation Commission that reviews the impacts of new development on the City's historic resources. There are a number of properties in Saratoga listed on the National and State Register of Historic Places. There are several archeological sites throughout the City with two formally listed on the State Archeological Inventory Survey. One of the listed sites is located on or near Saratoga Avenue with the other at an undisclosed location. Cultural Impact Discussion: 4.5 (a) Less than Significant Impact: Historic resources are distributed throughout the City and are present in both urbanized and rural areas. The 2015-2023 Housing Element Update encourages targeted growth and infill development in vacant and underutilized lands including those identified as "opportunity sites." Historic resources located in or adjacent to "opportunity sites", as is the case with the "Village area" (Saratoga's historical center) are potentially vulnerable to new development. However, proper adherence to the goals and policies set forth in the General Plan will ensure that new development occurs in a manner that preserves historic resources. Furthermore, the Historic Preservation Ordinance and Historic Preservation Review Committee require subsequent review and analysis when a historic resources is involved. Therefore, with proper compliance to the General Plan and Historic Preservation Ordinance, impacts to historic resources would be less than significant. -28- Environmental Analysis 4.5(b) Less Than Significant Impact: The City of Saratoga exhibits a rich archeological history due to the presence of the Ohlone Indians during the prehistoric period. Potentially significant archeological resources include, but are not limited to concentrations of artifacts or culturally modified soil deposits, modified stone,shell, bone, or other cultural materials such as charcoal, ash, and burned rock indicative of food procurement or processing activities, or prehistoric domestic features including hearths, fire pits, or house floor depressions or other such historic artifacts (potentially including trash pits and all by- products of human land use greater than 50 years of age). As such, undisturbed lands within the City's Planning Area, particularly lands near Saratoga Creek have a heightened potential to contain prehistoric archaeological resources. Disturbance to buried cultural resources would constitute a potentially significant impact if not properly managed. However, compliance with CEQA Section 15064.5, Subdivision (F)stipulates that should any archeological resources be encountered during grading, all ground disturbing activity shall be halted immediately until a qualified archaeologist can evaluate the artifacts identified and recommend further action. Furthermore, the proposed Housing Element Update sets forth policies intended to facilitate housing development in accordance with the RHNA needs and will not directly result in any specific construction or development. Adherence to CEQA Section 15064.5, Subdivision (F) at the time that future development occurs will ensure that archeological resources are protected.Additionally, General Plan policies LU 12.9 stipulates that new development require reconnaissance level analysis, which will be performed when project specific development is proposed, as necessary. Therefore, implementation of the proposed Housing Element Updated would have a less than significant impact on archeological resources. 4.5 (c) Less Than Significant Impact: The Saratoga General Plan does not identify the presence of any paleontological or unique geological resources within the boundaries of the City's planning area. Therefore, the project is not expected to impact any paleontological or unique geologic resources. Furthermore, as site specific development is proposed each project will be reviewed pursuant to CEQA any will require conformance will all applicable General Plan policies including LU 12.9 as described above. The subject Housing Element Update does not identify any new sites that were not previously evaluated for development potential. Therefore, implementation of the Housing Element Update will result in less than significant impact to paleontological resources. 4.5 (d) Less than Significant Impact: California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 mandates that, in the event human remains are discovered in a location other than a dedicated cemetery, all disturbance or excavation must cease and the county coroner must be notified. If the human remains are found to be of Native American origin, the Native American Heritage Commission will then identify and contact a likely descendent to inspect the site and recommend future treatment associated with the contents of the grave. No evidence suggests that human remains have been interred within the areas considered to have residential development potential including vacant, underutilized, and "opportunity sites". New developed promulgated by the subject Housing Element would require subsequent review and due compliance with applicable policies and regulation including CA Health & Safety Code Section 7050.5. In the event that future development project where to encounter human remains, all requirements of state law shall be duly complied with, including the immediate cessation of ground disturbing activities near or in any area potentially overlying adjacent human remains. Proper adherence to CA Health & Safety Code Section 7050.5 will ensure any impacts to interred human remains are avoided. -29- Environmental Analysis i The proposed Housing Element Update does not result in any ground disturbance nor does it identify new land not previously considered for development. Therefore impacts due to discovery of human remains will be less than significant. Mitigation Measures: None required beyond consistency with General Plan policies, including those listed below: LU 12 Recognize the heritage of the City by seeking to protect historic and cultural resources, where feasible. LU 12.1 Enhance the visual character of the City by encouraging compatibility of architectural styles that reflect established architectural traditions. LU 12.2 Develop zoning and other incentives for property owners to preserve historic resources and seek out historic designations for their respective properties. LU 12.3 In order to create an incentive for the protection of historic structures, modify the Zoning Ordinance to allow the Planning Commission to have the authority to modify any of the development regulations in the Ordinance, if the subject of the application is a structure which has been designated as an historic landmark. LU 12.4 The City shall continue to participate in the Mills Act program which allows property owners of historic residences a reduction of their property tax. LU 12.5 Encourage public knowledge, understanding and appreciation of the City's past and foster civic and neighborhood pride and sense of identity based upon the recognition and use of the City's heritage resources. LU 12.6 The Heritage Preservation Commission shall regularly update the City's Historic Resources Inventory. LU 12.7 Development proposals impacting any of the City's heritage land and/or any historic resources listed on any local or state inventory shall be reviewed by Heritage Preservation Commission and the Planning Commission, as required. LU 12.8 For any project development affecting structures that are 50 years of age or older, conduct a historic review. LU 12.9 Conduct reconnaissance-level analyses of new development projects to ensure that no significant archeological, prehistoric, paleontological Native American resources would be disturbed. If such resources are found, appropriate steps shall be taken, consistent with CEQA requirements to protect these resources. -30- Environmental Analysis Y 4.6 GEOLOGY AND SOILS Potentially toss Than I�lo Significant tillitigation Sgriifant Impact Incapmrat3ecl t a. Expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving: 1) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake X Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42. 2) Strong seismic ground shaking? X 3) Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction? X 4) Landslides? X b. Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil? X c. Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable,or that would become unstable as a result of the project,and X potentially result in on-site or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence,liquefaction or collapse? d. Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1-B of the California Building Code (2001), creating substantial risks to life or X property? e. Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal X systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater? Sources: Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42; Article 16-15 of the City's buildings code; and Title 24 of the California Building Code. Geology and Soils Setting: Saratoga is located towards the Southern end of San Francisco Bay in the Santa Clara Valley. The topography of the City features a low-lying, relatively flat valley floor and prominent foothills located in the western portion of the city. The Castle Rock portions of the Santa Cruz Mountains lie just outside of the City limits, but within the City's sphere of influence. The valley floor is underlain by alluvial deposits comprised of unconsolidated particles of clay, silt, sand and gravel whereas the hillsides feature a limited amount of exposed bedrock. -31 - Environmental Analysis The northeast-southwest segment of the San Andreas Fault Zone traverses the southwestem-most corner of the Saratoga Sphere of Influence, along the eastern side of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Local regulations related to geologic concerns are outlined in Article 16-15 of the City's buildings code that is modeled after the most current California Building Code requirements and enforces Title 24 regulations. All development proposed within geographically hazardous areas are subject to detailed geotechnical investigation. Geology and Soils Impact Discussion: 4.6(a.1-a.4;c) Less than Significant Impact: The City of Saratoga like the entire Bay Area is located in a s seismically active region. The San Andreas Fault traverses the southwestern most part of the City's sphere of influence, along the base of the Santa Cruz Mountains and is identified as an Alquist Priolo Special Study Zone. This is the only "active" fault in the immediate vicinity of Saratoga, meaning that it has experienced displacement in the previous 11,000 years and is expected to do so again. The Berrocal, Monta Vista, and Shannon faults are located within City limits and are considered "potentially active"faults, meaning that they have moved within the last 2 million to 11,000 years. Although these potentially active faults do pose seismic hazards it is expected that adherence to the stipulations outlined in the City's Building Code and compliance to Title 24 requirements will ensure that potential risks due to hazardous activity are minimized. All vacant, underdeveloped and opportunity sites identified in the 2015-2023 Housing Element inventory are located within city limits. No faults identified as Alquist-Priolo fault zones are located within the City limits and therefore no impact from fault rupture is expected. There is potential for liquefaction and or ground failure on the Santa Clara Valley floor, especially adjacent to streams and/or creeks, however, with proper geotechnical considerations and adherence to city code requirements and setback requirements future development will not be at risk for impacts related to liquefactions or subsidence. Although there are a few sites that are identified within hillside areas, these will require subsequent review and adherence to the Hillside Preservation Ordinance. Landslides are generally confined to areas with slopes greater than 15%, where developed is generally discouraged. Adherence to adopted General Plan Policies and the Hillside Preservation Ordinance will ensure that potential geotechnical constraints are identified during project specific development review. The primary geotechnical consideration is that of strong ground shaking generated by seismic activity. It is expected that any geotechnical concerns related to strong ground shaking will be anticipated in design and construction activities in accordance with Saratoga City Code and California Building Code. As stated, all future development projects proposed will individually be subject to CEQA review and will require a site specific evaluation of geotechnical concerns. The subject Housing Element does not introduce any new policies that would conflict with measures intended to protect residents from the adverse effects of seismic activity. Therefore potential impacts due to seismic impact resulting from implementation of the subject Housing Element Update would be less than significant. 4.6(b) Less than Significant Impact: The RHNA allocation will be accommodated on existing, underdeveloped and vacant lands. Activities associated with site preparation and construction such as, clearing, grading and/or grubbing may disturb top soil and could lead to soil erosion if proper measures are not taken. Any projects proposed as part of the Housing Element will be required to evaluate and mitigate for potential impacts related to the loss of topsoil and/or erosion on a site-specific basis. These potential impacts have been previously identified and evaluated in the General Plan EIR. Furthermore,any projects proposed for lands greater than one acre will be required to create a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and adhere to Best Management Practices. The subject Housing Element Update does not result in any new ground disturbance not previously anticipated by the existing General Plan. Therefore, impacts related to erosion and/or loss of topsoil will be less than significant. -32- Environmental Analysis I 4.6(d) Less than Significant Impact: Expansive soils are not especially prevalent in the City of Saratoga and are largely confined to the western hillsides, where development potential is restricted. Nonetheless as has been previously identified the presence of expansive soils has the potential to result in impacts to foundations and structures. Future development promulgated by the subject 2015-2023 Housing Element Update will be individually reviewed pursuant to CEQA and City regulations which require a thorough geotechnical investigation if there is reason to believe that geotechnical concerns may be present, including expansive soils. The Housing Element Update does not result in any policy changes that would conflict with the requirements to perform site specific investigation, nor does it introduce any new development on land not previously evaluated in the General Plan EIR. Implementation of the Housing Element Update would be consistent with the analysis presented in the General Plan EIR. Therefore, impacts due to expansive soils would be less than significant. 4.6(e) No Impact: The 2015-2023 Housing Element Update identifies potential residential sites that can be accommodated within existing developed areas, vacant lots, or underutilizes lots. There is no expectation that any of the future projects envisioned as part of the Housing Element would warrant the use of septic tanks or an alternative wastewater disposal system. Rather, all new development would be served by the City's sewer system. Therefore, no Impacts associated with septic tanks or other wastewater disposal systems are expected. Mitigation Measures: None required beyond compliance with General Plan policies, including the following: LU 8.1 Development proposals shall minimize impacts to ridgelines, significant natural hillside features, including but not limited to steep topography, major stands of vegetation, especially native vegetation and oak trees, and watercourses. LU 9.1 Limit expansion of urban development in the hillside areas. LU 9.2 Limit the amount of grading within hillside areas to the minimum amount needed for swellings and access. OSC 6.1 Through the Land Use Element and Zoning Ordinance, designate lands in the hillier portions of the Saratoga Planning Area for open space- managed resource production, which allows very low-density residential uses while maintaining a significant amount of open space. SAF 1-2 Development in areas subject to natural hazards shall be limited and shall be designed to protect the environment, inhabitants and general public. In areas that have been proven to be unsafe, development of structures for human habitation shall be prohibited to the maximum extent permitted by law. SAF 1-3 Proposals for General Plan amendments, zone changes, use permit, variances, building site approvals, and all land development application subject to environmental assessment according to CEQA guidelines shall be reviewed for hazardous conditions utilizing the most current data. -33- Environmental Analysis i 4.7 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS r las Thn No tiheprojecAW a. Generate greenhouse gas X emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? b. Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions X of greenhouse gases? Sources:BAAQMD 2010 Clean Air Plan;BAAQMD CEQA Guidelines 2010 and 2012. Greenhouse Gas Emission Impact Discussion: 4.7(a-b) Less than Significant Impact: This update to the General Plan Housing Element does not propose any actions that would result in the development of a specific site. Rather, it provides policy direction for the governance of residential development citywide. The goals and policies of the General Plan Housing Element are intended to ensure the continued availability of housing to meet the diverse needs of Saratoga's residents.All future development projects would be required to undergo CEQA review including an evaluation of impacts associated with the generation of GHGs during construction and operation. Additional, all new residential projects proposed would be required to adhere to the adopted policies that minimize the generation of GHG.The subject Housing Element Update does not introduce any polices or programs that would interfere with efforts to reduce GHG emissions citywide. Accordingly, impacts associated with GHG resulting from the Housing Element Update would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures: None required beyond compliance with applicable General Plan policies. -34- Environmental Analysis 4.8 HAZARDS/HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IL=Than No S111111" Would the project: 1111PWUnbu hwd knorpomb M'�tton a. Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials? X b. Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions X involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment? c. Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile X of an existing or proposed school? d. Be located on a site, which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5, and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the X environment? e. For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport X or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the project area? f. For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, would the project result in a safety X hazard for people residing or working in the project area? g. Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency X response plan or emergency evacuation Ian? h. Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires, including where wildlands are adjacent X to urbanized areas or where residences are intermixed with wildlands? Sources:General Plan Safety Element. Hazards/Hazardous Materials Setting: The California Department of Toxic Substances Control(DTSC) defines a hazardous material as: "a substance or combination of substances that, because of its quantity, concentration or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics, may either: 1) cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious, irreversible, or incapacitating illness;or 2) pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or environment when improperly treated, stored,transported, disposed of,or otherwise managed." -35- Environmental Analysis Regulations governing the use, management, handling, transportation and disposal of hazardous waste and materials are administered by Federal, State and local governmental agencies. Pursuant to the Planning and Zoning Law, the Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) maintains a hazardous waste and substances site list, also known as the"Cortese List."At present, Saratoga does not have any sites designated as Cortese sites per the DTSC. Hazardous waste management in the City of Saratoga is administered by the Santa Clara County Department of Public Health. The Hazardous Material Compliance Division (HMCD) provides comprehensive environmental regulatory compliance inspection services and is also the Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA)for Santa Clara County, with the exception of the Cities of Santa Clara, Gilroy and Sunnyvale. Within the City of Saratoga hazardous materials are regulated by Chapter of 8 of the Saratoga Municipal Code. Hazards/Hazardous Materials Impact Discussion: 4.8(a-b) Less than Significant Impact: The subject Housing Element Update does not propose any new development projects. Rather, it identifies lands that could support residential development and establishes policies and program to ensure that sufficient housing continues to remain available and affordable for Saratoga residence. As sites identified include both vacant and developed lands, future projects may require demolition, grubbing, site preparation and construction activities. Construction activities may result in the temporary presence of hazardous materials including, but not limited to fuels and lubricants, paints, solvents, insulation, electrical wiring, and other construction related materials onsite. However,future development is required to comply with all existing federal, state and local safety regulations governing the transportation, use, handling, storage and disposal of potentially hazardous materials.Additionally, any residential development projects proposed in the future will be subject to site- specific CEQA review including a Phase I investigation as appropriate to identify the presence of any potentially hazardous materials. The Housing Element Update does not identify any new land not previously considered to have development potential. Compliance with safety regulation as well as policies identified in the General plan Safety Element will ensure that any future development would not introduce a hazardous or potentially hazardous risk. As a policy for development that does not conflict with any established regulations that project health and safety potential impacts associated with hazardous materials would be less than significant. 4.8(c) Less than Significant Impact: The Housing Element Update will not generate potentially hazardous emissions near or adjacent to an existing or proposed school. Although future residential development projects proposed in proximity to schools may result in the limited and temporary presence of hazardous materials,these sites will be evaluated on a site-specific basis at the time that development is formally proposed. Therefore, the subject Housing Element Update would have less than significant impacts due to the generation of hazardous materials in proximity to an existing or proposed school. 4.8(d) No Impact: As of May 2014, no CORTESE Sites were listed as being present in the City of Saratoga. Therefore, there would be no impacts associated with locating a future residential development project on a site that is included on a list of hazardous material sites. 4.8(e-f) No Impact: There are no airports or private airstrips located within the boundaries of the Saratoga Planning Area.Therefore, no impacts associated with airport-related hazards are expected. 4.8(g) Less than Significant Impact: None of the proposed policies or programs set forth in the Housing Element Update would seriously impair the implementation of, or physically interfere with, an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan. -36- Environmental Analysis Any future development projects proposed will be required to comply with adopted plans and regulations which will ensure that emergency ingress and egress is accommodated in the design of the site, both during construction and operation. Therefore, impacts due to conflict with an emergency response plan are expected to remain at levels below significant. 4.8(h) Less than Significant Impact: Moderate to high fire hazard zones are located along the wildland- urban interface in Saratoga, concentrated in the hillsides that border the City to the South and West along Saratoga-Sunnyvale Road and Saratoga-Los Gatos Road (HWY 9). However, while fire hazards do exist in areas of the City, any future development proposed in these areas will be subject to the Uniform Fire Code for Wildland-Urban Interface areas as well as development regulations set forth in Chapter 14 and Chapter 16 of the City's Municipal Code. Future development proposed be subject to the County and City regulations that outline measures to prevent and reduce hazards associated with fire. The Housing Element Update does not directly result in development nor does it introduce any policies or programs that would increase the fire hazard risk. Therefore, impact due to the implementation of the subject Housing Element update will remain at levels below significant. Mitigation Measures: None Required. SW41 The City shall require the installation of an early warning fire alarm system. SW4.4 The City shall continue to enforce existing regulation pertaining to hazardous fire areas (wildland-urban interface) fire retardant construction and landscaping (fuel modification). SW4.5 The City shall coordinate with the Santa Clara County Fire Department on the need for additional fire prevention regulation for the built up, populated area of the City. SOF61 The City shall review and update on a regular basis its plan for emergency response and preparedness. This plan shall use local resources and manpower to provide maximum benefit and protection for the City's residents. SW52 The City shall coordinate its Emergency Operation Plan with local jurisdiction and regional agencies to anticipate cumulative impacts during times of disaster. SW52b On an annual basis, the City will review the Santa Clara County Multi-Jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan and the City's Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Annex to ensure that identified mitigation actions are being incorporated into upcoming City sponsored projects,where appropriate. SW53 The City shall encourage all citizens to take responsibility for their own safety in the event of a disaster. SW53a The City shall publicize and participate in disaster preparedness exercises and distribute emergency planning information to the citizens of Saratoga. -37- Environmental Analysis i 4.9 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY a. Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements? X b. Substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the local groundwater table level (e.g., the production rate of X pre-existing nearby wells would drop to a level which would not support existing land uses or planned uses for which permits have been granted)? c. Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the X course of stream or river, in a manner, which would result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site? d. Substantially alter the existing % drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the X course of a stream or river, or substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner, which would result in flooding on- or off-site? e. Create or contribute runoff which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned storm water drainage systems or provide substantial X additional sources of polluted runoff? f. Otherwise substantially degrade X water quality? g. Place housing within a 100-year flood hazard as mapped on a Federal Flood Hazard Boundary or Flood Insurance X Rate Map or other flood hazard delineation map? h. Place within a 100-year flood hazard area structures, which would impede or X redirect flood flows? i. Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving flooding, including flooding as X a result of the failure of a levee or dam? j. Inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow? X Source:FEMA;and General Plan including Safety Element and Exhibits therein. -38- Environmental Analysis Hydrology and Water Quality Setting: The City of Saratoga is located in the North Central Flood Zone of the Santa Clara County Water District. There are three primary drainages under the City's jurisdiction which drain in a north-south direction. From east to west, the primary drainages are; San Tomas Aquino Saratoga and Calabasas Creeks, all of which ultimately discharge into the San Francisco Bay. As such, limited areas within the city have been identified by FEMA as being located within the 100 year floodplain. As the identified flood hazard areas are subject to periodic inundation, the City of Saratoga developed a Floodplain Management Plan codified in City Code Article 16-66. The primary source of water for Saratoga is supplied by the San Jose Water company, a private company serving Central Santa Clara County; two smaller companies supply water to areas of the City adjacent to Bohlman Road. The water is available from three sources including local groundwater, local surface water and water imported from the Santa Clara Valley Water District. The City participates in the Santa Clara Non-Point Source Pollution Control Program which is intended to protect water bodies in compliance with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System(NPDES)Permit requirements. HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY IMPACT DISCUSSION 4.9(a) Less than Significant Impact: The Housing Element is a policy document intended to facilitate and guide future housing development. No policies within the Housing Element Update will directly alter or conflict with existing water quality regulations and discharge standards. All future residential development proposed will be subject to Federal, State and Local regulations governing storm water runoff and water quality such as those stipulated by the Santa Clara Non-Point Source Pollution Program and NPDES requirements including the preparation of a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) on sites that result in soil disturbance to more than 1.0 acres. Compliance with applicable regulation will ensure that future development projects do not adversely impact water quality. The subject Housing Element Update does not introduce any polices or programs that interfere with adopted regulation that protect water quality. Therefore, the subject Update will have a less than significant impact due to the violation of water quality and waste discharge requirements. 4.9(b) Less than Significant Impact: The Housing Element Updates identifies sufficient sites that could support residential land uses consistent with the RHNA requirements. All of the sites identified currently support or a planned to support residential development at densities that are comparable to what has previously been anticipated. The San Jose Water Company Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) assumes a population growth of 1.1-1.5%. The UWMP indicates that sufficient water supplies are expected to be available through normal and/or multiple dry years until 2025. It is expected that water shortages may occur in the event of an extended drought period after 2025. The Housing Element Update does not propose new housing or increased density that exceeds what has already been evaluated for the General Plan or San Jose Water Company UWMP. Furthermore, any future development projects proposed will be subject to CEQA review and required to comply with all existing regulations governing water use.The subject Housing Element Update does not introduce any policies or programs that would interfere with groundwater recharge or otherwise compromise water supplies. Therefore, any impacts related to the depletion of groundwater will remain at levels below significant with implementation of the Housing Element Update. 4.9(c-f) Less than Significant Impact: The sites identified in the Housing Element update that could support future residential development were previously anticipated and considered as part of the General Plan EIR. There are no new land use designations that were not previously anticipated to support residential development. Accordingly, the proposed Housing Element Update will not generate impacts greater than those previously identified in the GP EIR. Furthermore, all future development proposed would be subject to local and state regulations governing erosion control, surface runoff and flooding. General Plan policies outlined below ensure that flood control protection is afforded Citywide -39- Environmental Analysis The proposed Housing Element Update does not introduce any policies or programs that would interfere or otherwise conflict with adopted flood control, drainage, and stormwater runoff strategies. Therefore, adoption of the Housing Element Update would have less than significant impacts due to the alteration of drainage and contribution of stormwater. 4.9(g-h) Less than Significant Impact: The Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA) prepares and maintains Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), which show the extent of Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) and other features related to flood risk. The City of Saratoga contains several drainage creeks with floodplains that are susceptible to the 100-year flood (Zone A and AE). The balance of the City is located within the 500 year floodplain (Flood Zone X). Refer to the Safety Element of the General Plan, Exhibit 6, FEMA Flood Zones. The proposed Housing Element Update does not introduce any policies or programs that would interfere with protection associated with the 100-year flood hazard including the placement of structure within the 100-year flood hazard area.As mentioned, at the time that future residential development is proposed, all projects will be subject the subsequent environmental review pursuant to CEQA including an evaluation of potential flood zone impacts. All sites identified to hold an opportunity for residential development have previously been analyzed and assessed for flood hazards. The subject Housing Element Update does not introduce any new policies or development potential not previously analyzed. Therefore, the proposed Housing Element would have a less than significant impact due to the siting of structures within a flood hazard area. 4.9(i) Less Than Significant Impact: In the event that the Lake Ranch Dam were compromised, upstream flooding could result in inundation along Saratoga Creek as described in the General Plan Safety Element (and illustrated on Exhibit 5 therein). There are no other dams or levees that pose a potential flooding hazard within the City of Saratoga. The subject Housing Element Update does not introduce any policies that would alter the risk exposure associated with land along or in close proximity to Saratoga Creek beyond what has been previously analyzed. Therefore, the subject Housing Element Update would have less than significant impacts associated with increased risk of exposure due to the failure of a dam or levee. 4.90) No Impact: The City of Saratoga is not located within an area that could be affected by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow. There are no substantial water bodies within City limits that would pose a particular risk of exposure. Therefore, there will be no impacts from inundation by seiche, tsunami or mudflow resulting from implementation of the subject Housing Element Update. Mitigation Measures: None required beyond compliance with the following General Plan policies: OSC 9.2 Concentrate development in those portions of the community least susceptible to soil erosion and minimize grading and the introduction of impervious surfaces. Where appropriate, consider the use of on-site detention or retention basins to minimize stormwater runoff from sites. LU 6.1 Incorporate specific standards and requirements into the Zoning Ordinance to preserve and protect sensitive watershed areas on hillsides within the community. LU 6.2 Development proposals shall incorporate stormwater quality features, including but not limited to grassy bio-swales,to protect surface and subsurface water quality. OSC 9.a The City shall coordinate review of development projects adjacent to watercourses with the Santa Clara Valley Water District and other applicable agencies. _40- Environmental Analysis 4.10 LAND USE AND PLANNING pawns* "a� "� kworllwabd a. Physically divide an established X community? b. Conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including, but not limited to the general plan, specific plan, X local coastal program, or zoning ordinance) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? c. Conflict with any applicable habitat X conservation plan or natural community conservation Ian? Source:General Plan;ABAG. Land Use and Planning Setting: The City of Saratoga is nearly built out, with the predominant land use being residential. Over 90% of the land in Saratoga is currently developed. A majority of the vacant lands that remain are located on hillsides and therefore are restricted in their development potential. have Land Use and Planning Impact Discussion 4.10(a) Less than Significant Impact: Division of an established community typically occurs when a new physical feature, in the form of an interstate or railroad, physically transects an area, thereby removing mobility and access within an established community. The division of an established community can also occur through the removal of an existing road or pathway, which would reduce or remove access between a community and outlying areas. The City of Saratoga is largely built out, with limited opportunity for infill development and the development of vacant land. The inventory conducted for the Housing Element Update shows that several of the opportunity sites identified are located on underdeveloped parcels or parcels that are designated for mixed use development. In accordance with the policies set forth in the subject update, it is expected that future residential development proposals will be for projects located adjacent to similar and/or complimentary uses and are comparable in scale and density. Future development within will be accommodated within vacant and underdeveloped lands which would be expected to encourage continuity and uniformity rather than division. There are no aspects of the proposed Housing Element Update that would substantially reduce mobility or access. Therefore, implementation of the Housing Element Update would have less than significant impacts due to the division of an established community. 4.10(b) Less than Significant Impact: The Housing Element is consistent with all General Plan policies and the Zoning Ordinance and does not introduce any policies or programs that would result in a conflict. Future residential development proposals will be subject to CEQA and will require review to ensure consistency with the Saratoga General Plan, Zoning Ordinance, Specific Plan, and other regulations, as -41 - Environmental Analysis appropriate. Due compliance with CEQA and adopted City plans and ordinances will ensure that all future development is consistent with adopted City regulation. The subject Housing Element Update does not introduce any policies or programs that would conflict with regulations. Therefore, implementation of the subject Housing Element Update would result in less than significant impacts. 4.10(c) No Impact: The City of Saratoga is not subject to a habitat conservation plan or a natural community conservation plan. Therefore, the Housing Element Update will have no impact to any conservation plan or natural community plan. Mitigation Measures: None Required beyond compliance with those policies set forth in the General Plan. 4.11 MINERAL RESOURCES Would titie.pr*cty fes. skofficam "Nig 0, ter S111111millmd, knpact a. Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state? X b. Result in the loss of availability of a locally-important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local X general plan, specific plan or other land use Ian? Mineral Resources Setting: Mineral Resources located within Saratoga's Planning Area are limited to Sandstone and Shale. Historically, the City supported a number of quarries but there are no active mineral extraction activities within the City of Saratoga. Mineral Resources Impact Discussion 4.11(a-b) No Impact: Although the City contains Sandstone and Shale deposits, the City has is largely developed with existing residential land uses. Mineral extraction would be inconsistent with the established land uses citywide. There are no active mineral extraction activities occurring within City limits. The subject Housing Element Update does not introduce any policies or programs related to Mineral Resources. Therefore, no impacts to mineral resources are expected to result from implementation of the proposed Housing Element Update. Mitigation Measures: None required beyond applicable General Plan policies. -42- Environmental Analysis 4.12 NOISE PolleuU Lm Thm No knpad a. Exposure of persons to or generation of noise levels in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of X other a encies? b. Exposure of persons to or generation of excessive groundborne vibration or X groundborne noise levels? c. A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project? d. A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project? X e. For a project located within an airport land use plan or,where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the X project area to excessive noise levels? f. For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to X excessive noise levels? Sources:Saratoga General Plan;and Noise Control Ordinance. Noise Setting: Noise sources within Saratoga's Planning Area include vehicular traffic, rail, aircraft, commercial and industrial activities, as well as the use of mechanical equipment and refrigeration units. The City of Saratoga regulates the noise environment through the Noise Control Ordinance outlined in 7- 30 of the City's Municipal Code. The Saratoga General Plan indicates that single-family residential land uses are considered normally acceptable in noise environments of 60 dB CNEULdn or less and conditionally acceptable up to 70 dB CNEULdn. Multi-family residential land uses are acceptable in noise environments of 65 dB CNEULdn or less and conditionally acceptable up to 70 dB CNEULdn. Residential uses in areas with Ldn less than 70 dBA would be conditionally acceptable with noise reduction measures that achieve 45 dBA or less. Per Section 7-30.060 of the City's Zoning Ordinance, noise generating construction activities are limited to the hours of 7:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and 9:00 a.m.to 5:00 p.m. on Saturday. Residential construction is generally prohibited on Sunday and weekday holidays. In order to ensure new development complies with the City's established noise standards, Section 7- 30.080 grants the City authority to require a noise study prior to the granting of any license, permit or -43. Environmental Analysis development approval. If the study anticipates violation of any established noise thresholds and/or standards then adequate mitigation measures will be developed to reduce impacts to acceptable levels. Should it be found that a violation cannot be prevented or corrected,then denial or revocation of a permit or development approval may be necessary. Noise Impact Discussion: 4.12(a-b) Less than Significant Impact: The Housing Element Update anticipated the future development of additional housing units. As all identified opportunity sites, vacant sites and underutilized site are currently designated for residential or allow for residential development, the noise impacts associated with these lands have previously been considered. Site-specific noise impacts will be analyzed pursuant to CEQA at the time that development proposals are submitted to the City and as appropriate will include the requirement for detailed acoustical analysis in conformance with General Plan Policy 2.1 as set forth below. Short-term construction activities and long-term operation of future residential developments would contribute to the City's noise environment. Compliance with Federal, State and Local regulations including the City's General Plan and Section 7-30 of the Municipal Code will ensure that noise and vibration impacts related to exposure of persons to in excess of those would be identified,disclosed and mitigated accordingly. The proposed Housing Element Update does not introduce any policies or programs that would conflict with adopted regulations that protect the noise environmental.Therefore, impacts due to excessive noise or vibration resulting from the Housing Element Update would be less than significant. 4.12(c-d) Less than Significant Impact: The Housing Element Update is consistent with the anticipated growth rates as set forth in the General Plan. Increased density and future development envisioned by the Housing Element would result in new residential units distributed throughout Saratoga. This level of development would generally have a minimal contribution to the noise environment including stationary noise and mobile noise sources. The gradual increase in dwelling units over a seven year period and distributed across different areas of the Planning Area is not expected to introduce a substantial permanent increase in the ambient noise environment as a result of stationary or mobile sources. Stationary noise sources may include daily activities and movements by residents, landscaping, maintenance and the use of HVAC.All of the noise sources emit intermittent sources of low level noise and are not expected to cause a perceptible noise increase. Mobile noise sources may include increased traffic proximate to the project site. However, the wide distribution of development across opportunity sites and the gradual nature of development is not expected to substantially increase ambient noise levels. Furthermore, the cumulative noise impacts from continued growth and development within City limits has previously been analyzed and the subject Housing Element does not introduce new policies or programs or anticipate rates of growth beyond what has previously been anticipated. The General plan EIR found that significant noise impacts would result from an increased amount of traffic. The analysis conducted in the General plan EIR remain consistent with this Housing Element Update and no additional noise impacts would be generated. All future residential development proposals will be reviewed on a site-specific basis and may be subject to a noise study. New development will be evaluated pursuant to CEQA and in accordance with applicable thresholds including a 5 dBA increase for determining whether the noise level resulting from a given project would exceed what is"normally acceptable". The provision of a noise study for site-specific project review, and in particular for mixed-use development proposals, will be subject to compliance with the Saratoga Noise Ordinance, specifically, Section 7-30.060, as well as General Plan policies set forth -44- Environmental Analysis below would ensure that any impacts associated with future development would be less than significant. The subject Housing Element does not introduce any polices or program that would result in a temporary or permanent increase in the ambient noise environment. Therefore impacts would be less than significant. 4.12(e-f) No Impact: The City of Saratoga does not contain any airports or provide airstrips. Thus,there are no such facilities that would be located within two miles of a future residential development site. Therefore,the Housing Element Update would not expose people residing or working onsite to significant noise levels generated by an Airport. No impacts associated with the exposure of people to aircraft related noise are expected. Mitigation Measures: None required beyond compliance with the following General Plan policies: Policy 1.2 The City shall use the planning and code enforcement process to discourage activities, practices, or land uses that create or result in excessive noise exposure. Policy 2.1 An acoustical analysis is to be conducted for proposed Residential and Quasi-Public development where the existing noise level exceeds Outdoor DNL 60 dB to determine measures needed to reduce impacts to meet City noise standards. Policy 2.2 New residential development shall be designed and constructed to provide an interior noise level of DNL 45 DB or less in habitable rooms(due to outdoor sources). Policy 2.3 Residential outdoor space intended for use and enjoyment shall be designed to meet Outdoor DNL 60 Db. This policy does not apply to private exterior balconies. Where this level cannot feasibly be met by incorporating reasonable measures, such as strategic site layout and noise barriers, DNL 65 dB may be approved. 4.13 POPULATION AND HOUSING tess Than polerMly Dui significant No Significant Mifigcx� Ind In Impact inmporated a. Induce substantial population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes X and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)? b. Displace substantial numbers of existing housing, necessitating the X construction of replacement housing elsewhere? -45- Environmental Analysis c. Displace substantial numbers of people, necessitating the X construction of replacement housing elsewhere? Sources:Saratoga General Plan Land Use Element,2007;U.S Census. Population and Housing Setting: Saratoga has experienced very limited growth since 1980 as a majority of the City's vacant, developable land was largely developed by 1979. Since 1980 much of the growth the City has experienced is attributed to changes in household size within existing dwelling units. The 2007 population projections prepared by ABAG assume a population of 32,400 in 2015 and a population of 33,300 by 2020.As of May 2014 Saratoga's population was 30,877. The Housing Element facilitates the development of 480 dwelling units over the next seven years. The addition of 480 dwelling units or 1,369 residents to the existing population would remain consistent with the population projections set forth by ABAG. Potential growth inducing impacts are primarily assessed based on a project's consistency with adopted plans that have addressed growth management from a local and regional standpoint. The Association of Bay Area Governments(ABAG) is the responsible agency for developing and adopting regional housing, population, and employment growth forecasts for local Santa Clara County governments, among other counties. Table 4.13-1, Housing Element Projections Compared to ABAG, analyzes the growth anticipated with the Housing Element Update, as compared to ABAG's 2020 growth projections for the City. Table 4.13.1 Housing Element Projections 2014-2022 Compared to ABAG moi* Population Existing 2014 11,172 30,887 Housing Element Update 480 1,3692 Projected 2022 11,588 32,073 ABAG 2020 Projections3 11,6854 33,300 1. State of California, Department of Finance, E-5 Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State, 2011-2014, with 2010 Benchmark. Released,May 1,2014. 2. The population projection is based on 100 percent occupancy of the dwelling units and 2.85 persons per household(State of California,Department of Finance,Table 2-E-5 Population,2014). 3. 2020 ABAG projections. 4. The dwelling units projection is based on 100 percent occupancy of the dwelling units and 2.85 persons per household State of California Department of Finance Table 2-E-5 Population,2010). Population and Housing Impact Discussion: 4.13 (a) Less than Significant Impact: The adjusted regional housing need for the 2015-2023 housing cycle amounts to 480 housing units for the City of Saratoga. The Housing Element Update anticipates that future development will be accommodated through a combination of entitled development, use of vacant lands and redevelopment of opportunity sites able to support higher densities and redevelopment of mixed-use parcels. Assuming 100% occupancy and 2.85 persons per household (California _46- Environmental Analysis I Department of Finance, 2014), the population growth facilitated by the Housing Element Update would amount to approximately 1,369 new residents over a period of seven years. Presuming that all new housing units facilitated by the Housing Element Update are occupied with new residents, the population of Saratoga in 2022 would be 32,073. This level of growth is consistent with what has been projected for the region and previously analyzed in the City's General Plan. Thus, the Housing Element would have less than significant impacts due to induced growth. Population can also be induced indirectly through the extension of roads and/or infrastructure. However, while the project will facilitate additional housing unit it is not expected to necessitate the extension of infrastructure as housing will be accommodated within urbanized sites located within the boundaries of the planning area. Therefore, based on the fact that population growth from residential development facilitated by the Housing Element will fall within the ABAG projections for the City and that the development will be confined to urbanized areas, potential impacts associated with the induced population growth resulting from the Housing Element would remain at levels below significant. 4.3(b-c) No Impact: As a policy document the 2015-2023 Housing Element will not physically initiate development necessitating the replacement housing or the displacement of residents thereby requiring replacement housing elsewhere. As a guiding policy document the Housing Element Update does directly result in residential development. Rather, the intent of the document is to facilitate the development of residential units in underdeveloped and or vacant sites and accommodate the housing needs in existing urbanized areas. The policies and programs set forth in the Housing Element Update would not displace a substantial number, require replacement housing, or result in the removal of the existing housing stock. Therefore, the Housing Element Update would have no impacts due to the displacement of existing housing and the displacement of residents. Mitigation Measures: None required beyond compliance with General Plan policies. -47- Environmental Analysis J 4.14 PUBLIC SERVICES pew** In nmno unim unku linvad rn dad 1110110d Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the ublic services: a) Fire protection? X b) Police protection? X c) Schools? X d) Parks? X e) Other public facilities? X Sources:Saratoga General Plan Public Services Setting: The City charges one-time impact fees on new private development in order to offset the cost of improving or expanding City facilities. Impact fees are used to fund the construction or expansion of needed capital improvements. Saratoga collects impact fees for schools, parkland,and others. Development impact fees are necessary in order to finance required public facilities and service improvements and to pay for new development's fair share of the costs of the required public facilities and service improvements. Public Services Impact Discussion: 4.14(a-e) No Impact: All potential impacts to public facilities generated by the housing development proposed as part of the 2015-2023 Housing Element have been previously identified in the GP EIR and no impacts beyond those previously identified are expected. Furthermore, any development proposed as part of the Housing Element Update will be subject to the City's Impact fees which are intended to offset increased demands placed on Public Services and the associated costs. All development will be reviewed and evaluated on a project specific basis, at which time it will be considered whether the project would individually impact public services. As the General Plan anticipated the growth projections at level consistent with what would be supported by the Housing Element Update,the potential cumulative impacts to public services have already been identified and determined to be less than significant. The subject Housing Element Update does not introduce any new policies or programs that would interfere with the provision for public services. Therefore, the Housing Element Update will not increase demand on public services beyond what has already been anticipated and impacts would be less than significant. Mitigation Measures: None required beyond compliance with applicable General Plan policies. -48- Environmental Analysis 4.15 RECREATION SON Min ftst = fie a. Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that X substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? b. Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of X recreational facilities, which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? Sources:Saratoga General Plan Recreation Setting: The City of Saratoga maintains approximately 87 acres of parkland, 63 of which have been improved for park purposes. The existing parkland consists of neighborhood, citywide and specialty parks distributed throughout the City. In order to ensure adequate park facilities the City seeks to ensure 5 acres of developed, municipal, park-land per 1,000 residents. The City assumes that by the year 2020 approximately 165.5 acres of parks will be needed to serve the City's recreational needs. Recreational features within Saratoga also include 29 linear miles of existing and dedicated, multi-use trails and 12 linear miles of proposed or potential trail. Recreation Impact Discussion: 4.15(a, b) No Impact: The 2015-2023 Housing Element identifies a potential population increase of 1,369,assuming the introduction of 480 dwelling units with an average household size of 2.85. While the increase in population may put increased pressure on the City's recreational facilities, this has been previously identified and evaluated in the GP EIR. It is expected that future residential development will be distributed across the planning area and not concentrated in any given area. Accordingly, increased patronage at the City's recreational facilities will be shared citywide. It should also be mentioned that potential impacts to recreational resources will be evaluated and mitigated for on a project specific basis, at the time that development proposals are submitted for residential development. The subject Housing Element Update does not introduce any policies or programs that would conflict with the provision to provide adequate park land facilities citywide. Therefore, no impacts to recreational facilities are expected as a result of the Housing Element Update. Mitigation Measures: None Required beyond the following General Plan policies: OSC 3 To provide and maintain parks and a variety of passive and active recreational sites which are located, designed, and improved to serve the needs of the residents, the community, and the neighborhoods of Saratoga. OSC 3.1 Ensure that existing and future parks and dedicated open spaces remain part of the public domain in perpetuity. OSC 3.4 Strive to achieve a ratio of 5 acres of park and open space area per 1,000 residents. -49- Environmental Analysis l 1 4.16 TRANSPORTATION/TRAFFIC Wo11ddti1111eproject SN o No kWad t a. Cause an increase in traffic,which is substantial in relation to the existing traffic load and capacity of the street system(i.e., result in a substantial X increase in either the number of vehicle trips,the volume to capacity ratio on roads or con estion at intersections)? b. Exceed, either individually or cumulatively, a level of service standard established by the county congestion management agency for designated X roads or highways? c. Result in a change in air traffic patterns, including either an increase in traffic levels or a change in location that results in substantial safety risks? X d. Substantially increase hazards due to a design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections)or incompatible uses e. .,farm equipment)? X e. Result in inadequate emergency X access? f. Conflict with adopted policies, plans, or programs supporting alternative transportation(e.g.,bus turnouts,bicycle racks)? X Source:General Plan. Transportation/Traffic Setting: The City's circulation system is well established and provides local and regional access within city limits and to neighboring jurisdictions. Roadways within Saratoga are classified into several categories ranging from Freeways to hillside streets. Local roadways have narrow widths and are generally designed to discourage cut through traffic. Regional access to the City of Saratoga is provided by Freeways, Expressway, and Major and Minor arterials. The City reserves jurisdiction over all City streets and City operated traffic signals. The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) serves as the independent special district responsible for congestion management, specific highway improvement projects, and countywide transportation planning and bus and light rail operations in Santa Clara County. The VTA serves as the Congestion Management Agency(CMA)for jurisdictions within the County including the City of Saratoga. The Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) serves as the regional transportation planning agency for the SF Bay Area and reviews municipal Capital Improvement Projects. -50- Environmental Analysis Transportation/Traffic Impact Discussion: 4.16(a) Less than Significant Impact: Although the Housing Element Update will facilitate increased residential densities,the development potential does not exceed what has been evaluated in the GP EIR. Expected growth rates and associated increases in traffic volumes under the proposed Housing Element Update are consistent with the growth rate utilized for local and regional traffic management efforts. In addition, future residential developed projects proposed would be subject to the General Plan policies as outlined in the General Plan's Circulation Element and would further be subject to CEQA review on a project-specific basis. Based on the Housing Element's consistency with the GP EIR and that cumulative traffic related impacts have previously been identified and evaluated, no new or exacerbated cumulative impacts are expected to occur from the proposed Housing Element Update. Any increase in traffic related impacts including a deterioration of level of service at planning area intersection will be evaluated on the project specific basis. Given that the Housing Element does not introduce any policies or programs that would conflict with the provisions to provide for a safe and multi-modal network, impacts associated with traffic and circulation would be less than significant. 4.16(b) Less than Significant Impact: The City of Saratoga generally tries to maintain minimum Level of Service(LOS)D operations at all signalized intersections under City jurisdiction. However,those under the jurisdiction of the CMA are held to an LOS E standard. There are a number of roadway segments where level of service is currently below LOS D and LOS is projected to further deteriorate under future year traffic conditions. The acceptance of a LOS below D is considered acceptable, as there are no feasible or practical improvements that can be made to correct the LOS deficiency. The Housing Element does not directly contribute to increased traffic or generate new trips. The development potential envisioned as part of the Housing Element Update is consistent with the level of growth anticipated in the General Plan. Future residential development projects will increase traffic and incrementally contribute to the future LOS deficits previously analyzed for certain roadways within Saratoga. Potential environmental impacts to circulation and traffic will be analyzed pursuant to CEQA on a project specific basis. It is anticipated that a Traffic Impact Analysis (TIA) will be conducted for each proposed project that would contribute notable traffic volumes and that the TIA would set forth recommendations to ensure that future development projects do not generate disproportionally affect LOS. Based on the consistency of the subject Housing Element with what was previously evaluated in the GP EIR and anticipation of subsequent CEQA analysis required for project specific residential development, as well as conformance to applicable General Plan policies that govern traffic and circulation, the Housing Element Update would result in less than significant impacts due to a conflict in level of service. 4.16 (c) No Impact: Given the nature and location of any future residential development, which is well outside of the established airport flight pattern, the Housing Element Update would have no impact on air traffic patterns. 4.16(d) Less than Significant Impact: The subject Housing Element Update does not introduce any new policies or program that would conflict with the provisions for safe access set froth in the General Plan. As part of the development review process the City may require that the a TIA include an evaluation of sighting distance, site access and other design features to ensure that any potential hazard is identified, and avoided or appropriately mitigated. All future circulation and traffic improvements are required to be constructed pursuant to the City's roadway safety standards. _51 - Environmental Analysis 1 Furthermore, any circulatory improvements that would result in a potential traffic hazards as part of a future residential development project will be subject to environmental review pursuant to CEQA and will be evaluated on a site-specific basis. Therefore, the Housing Element Update will have less than significant impacts resulting from site design hazards. 4.16(e) Less than Significant Impact: The City is largely built out and future development will primarily occur within already developed and underutilized lots that currently have sufficient emergency access.The proposed Housing Element Update does not introduce any policies or programs that would conflict with the provision to provide for emergency access. Additionally, all development projects will be subject to review and approval by the City of Saratoga Fire Department and the Santa Clara County Sheriffs department and will be reviewed in accordance with CEQA including an evaluation of adequate emergency access. This process will identify any potential constraints in emergency access and will require that the design of all new residential development sufficiently accommodates emergency access. Therefore, impacts associated with the subject Housing Element Update will be at levels less than significant. 4.16 (f) Less than Significant Impact: The Housing Element Update will facilitate development on underutilized and vacant sites within the urbanized area of the City. Future residential development is not expected to substantially impact existing alternative transportation facilities. Furthermore, all new development are subject to the General Plan policies and implementing zoning ordinance that establishes policies and programs supporting alternative transportation facilities including bus, bicycle and pedestrian facilities. The Housing Element Update does not conflict with adopted policies, plans, or programs supporting alternative transportation. Therefore, any impacts associated with alternative transportation will be less than significant as a result of implementation of the proposed Housing Element Update. Mitigation Program: No mitigation beyond compliance with the following General Plan policies: Cl 2.3 Maintain a minimum level of service (LOS) D operations standard at all signalized street intersections and roadway segments that are under City jurisdiction except for intersection and roadways included in the Santa Clara County Congestion Management (which are held to a LOS E standard,)and as otherwise specified in pursuant to Policy 2.4. Cl 2.4 Accept Level of Service E or F operations on City-maintained roadways after finding that: 1) no practical and feasible improvements can be implemented to mitigate the lower levels of service, or 2) vehicle capacity enhancements would conflict with existing or planned bicycle, pedestrian, or transit facilities and services. A proposed development that exacerbates LOS E or F operations and causes a significant intersection impact should also be considered for approval if it will provide a clear, overall benefit to the City (e.g., library expansion or relocation, new community center). Cl 2.5 Ensure that new development or redevelopment projects provide adequate property dedication to accommodate future roadway and multi-modal access improvements at key intersections and other potential conflict areas. Cl 2.11 Protect the integrity of and improve existing hillside streets by planning future development according to existing street function. Cl 2.12 Focus future improvements on the most congested intersections to maintain an acceptable level of mobility for all modes of transportation. -52- Environmental Analysis Cl 2.13 Require development projects to mitigate and reduce their respective traffic and parking impacts by implementing practical and feasible street improvements to improve multi-modal access. Cl 2.7 Require a transportation analysis for all development projects resulting in 25 or more net new peak-hour trips. As appropriate, the analysis shall identify potential impacts to intersection and roadway operations, project access, and alternative travel modes, and shall identify feasible improvements or project modifications to reduce or eliminate impacts. City staff shall have the discretion to on I y require focused studies regarding access, sight distance, and other operational and safety issues or to require detailed studies that generate fewer peak hour trips. Cl 4a Promote local and regional transit as a viable alternative to automobile travel for destinations within and outside the City. CI 4b Promote the use of alternative modes of transportation by improving the capacity, safety, accessibility, and convenience of existing and planned transit, bicycle and pedestrian systems. -53- Environmental Analysis 1 i 4.17 UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS a. Exceed wastewater treatment requirements of the applicable Regional X Water Quality Control Board? b. Require or result in the construction of new water or wastewater treatment facilities or expansion of existing X facilities, the construction of which could cause si nificant environmental effects? c. Require or result in the construction of new storm water drainage facilities or expansion of existing facilities, the construction of which could cause X significant environmental effects? d. Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project from existing entitlements and resources, or are new or expanded entitlements needed? X e. Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider, which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project's projected demand in addition to X the provider's existing commitments? f. Be served by a landfill with sufficient permitted capacity to accommodate the X project's solid waste disposal needs? g. Comply with federal, state, and local statutes and regulations related to solid X waste? Source:General Plan. Utilities & Services Setting: The planning area is currently well-served by existing public utilities and service systems. Utility providers are responsible for the continued availability of services and increase and expand as necessary to meet demands. Water Service System The City of Saratoga's primary source of potable water is supplied by the San Jose Water Company. Water is provided from three sources,surface water(10%),groundwater(40%)and imported water from the Santa Clara Valley Water District (50%). The San Jose Water Company updated its Urban Water Management Plan in 2010 in accordance with applicable state laws. The UWMP determined that sufficient water supplies will be available through 2020. Post 2020 extended drought conditions could result in water shortages. The District has planned to make investments to ensure that no greater than 20% shortages are expected through year 2035.To ensure sufficient water supplies remain available during drought conditions additional groundwater pumping, acquisition of additional imported supplies, and implementation of conservation measures will be employed and are described in the UWMP. -54- Environmental Analysis i Wastewater The Cupertino Sanitary District and the West Valley Sanitation District treat all wastewater generated by residential, commercial and industrial uses within the City of Saratoga. At General Plan buildout both Sanitation Districts are expected to adequately accommodate the City's wastewater treatment needs. Storm Drains In the City of Saratoga, storm drains convey runoff from impervious surfaces such as streets, sidewalks, and buildings to creeks that ultimately drain into the San Francisco Bay. This water is untreated and carries with it any contaminants picked up along the way including solvents, oils, fuels, and sediments. The City has standard conditions of approval for development projects that stipulates the use of Best Managements Practices and low impact development. Utilities&Services Impact Discussion: 4.17(a) Less Than Significant Impact: The subject Housing Element Update is consistent with the anticipated level of development and population growth previously identified and evaluated in the General Plan.While future development will result in the incremental increase in the generation of wastewater,the established sanitation districts have sufficient capacity to treat all existing and future wastewater volumes in accordance with Regional Water Quality Control Board standards. Given that there is sufficient capacity to mange wastewater and that any increase in wastewater treatment will occur incrementally over several years, future residential development will not necessitate the expansion or construction of wastewater treatment facilities. Wastewater treatment needs that will be generated by future development projects are within the capacity of the existing sanitary sewer lines and the City's wastewater treatment facilities. The Housing Element Update does not propose any industrial uses that would generate wastewater requiring special treatment or would contain constituents exceeding applicable standards. The Housing Element Update is consistent with the anticipated wastewater demand and would not exceed wastewater treatment requirements. Therefore impact associated with implementation of the subject Housing Element Update would have a less than significant impact on wastewater facilities. 4.17(b) Less Than Significant Impact: The expected wastewater generation and water supplies that may be generated by future residential development envisioned as part of the Housing Element Update is consistent with the level of service needs anticipated by the General Plan and will not require the expansion of facilities or the construction of new facilities. As new residential development proposals are submitted, each project will be evaluated on a site specific basis to assess potential impacts associated with public services and to ensure compliance with existing City policies and regulations regarding the availability of such services. The subject Housing Element update does not interfere with the provision of applicable regulations intended to ensure the continued availability of water and wastewater services, nor does it provide for an increased level of use beyond what has previously been evaluated. Therefore, the Housing Element Update is expected to result in less than significant impacts. 4.17(c) Less than Significant Impact: As described above under the Hydrology and Water Quality discussion, the Housing Element Update facilitates residential development densities consistent with what has previously been analyzed in the General Plan EIR. Future residential development projects have the potential to result in an increase in impervious surfaces including building roofs, pavements, sidewalks, and associated surfaces that could increase stormwater runoff. -55- Environmental Analysis However, all new development project will be subject to regulations including BMPs and low impact development standard that require onsite retention/detention and no net increase in offsite runoff. Site specific development proposals will be reviewed and evaluated to ensure consistency with applicable General Plan policies and CEQA requirements including the provision for adequate stormwater capacity. Site specific design will be required to achieve the necessary storm flow requirements. Any future development facilitated by the subject Housing Element Update would undergo subsequent review and be conditioned accordingly to avoid any conflicts with stormwater drainage facilities. The Housing Element Update is consistent with the General Plan and does not introduce and policies or programs that would interfere with adequate storm water drainage or the requirement for new such facilities as warranted by future development. Therefore implementation of the subject Housing Element Update would result in less than significant impacts to due to stormwater and drainage facilities. 4.17(d)Less than Significant Impact: The Housing Element Update will not create a new water demand that would exceed water supplies. The increase in population this new demand was considered in the GP EIR. The increased water demand generated by buildout of the General Plan will be consistent with what was previously identified in the GP EIR and what is anticipated for in the General Plan. In order to ensure water availability,the UWMP proposes to make investments such that no greater than 20%shortages are expected through the year 2035 in comparison to Santa Clara County's historic hydrology. The proposed investments include the replacement of two existing wells per year beginning in 2015 with new, higher capacity groundwater wells.Therefore,impacts would be less than significant. 4.17(e-f) Less than Significant Impact: The Housing Element Update will not generate additional solid waste beyond what has previously been anticipated. Future residential development facilitated by the Housing Element Update would generate additional solid waste, placing an increased demand on solid waste disposal services including disposal at a landfill. Without specific housing project details, it is not possible to precisely determine the volume of solid waste that would be generated by future residential development. However, the GP EIR concluded that implementation of the General Plan would increase the amount of solid waste generation consistent with what is anticipated under the Housing Element Update. As such, the solid waste generation associated with future residential development was previously evaluated in the GP EIR. Implementation of the proposed Housing Element Update would be consistent with the analysis presented in the GP EIR, and would result in no greater impacts than previously identified. Therefore, no new or expanded solid waste facilities would be required as a result of the Housing Element Update and impacts would be less than significant. Mitigation Program: None required beyond compliance with the General Plan policies including: OSC 9.2: Concentrate development in those portions of the community least susceptible to soil erosion and minimize grading and the introduction of impervious surfaces. Where appropriate, consider the use of on-site detention or retention basins to minimize stormwater runoff from sites. OSC.9.b. The City shall ensure erosion control measures are required with each development project as part of the development approval process. OSC 10 Maximize efficiencies in the use of the City's water supply. OSC 10.a The City shall inform applicants of water conservation provisions and require that all new development proposals be in compliance with the water conservation provisions of the San Jose Urban Water Management Plan. -56- Environmental Analysis 4.18 MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE ,Pat" . a. Does the project have the potential to degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self- sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, reduce the number or restrict the range of a X rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or rehistor b. Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? ("Cumulatively considerable" means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in X connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future )ro'ects? c. Does the project have en=beings, effects, which will cause adverse effects on humeither direct) or indirect) ? X 4.18(a) Less Than Significant Impact: The proposed Project is the City of Saratoga Housing Element Update and related conforming and implementation actions. The Housing Element is a policy document addressing demographic issues and local housing needs in the City for the planning period from 2015 to 2023. The Project anticipates the development of 480 residential units to meet the adjusted regional housing needs allocation. Although the presence of biological resources has been identified (refer to Section 4.4) and the potential for uncovered cultural resources exists within the planning area (refer to Section 4.5), implementation of the Project would not directly impact these resources, because the Project does not infer direct development rights. Rather, at the time that site specific development is proposed, individual assessments to identify any potential impacts to biological and cultural resources pursuant to CEQA would be conducted. If necessary, mitigation would be required to reduce potential impacts to a less than significant level. The proposed Project would not degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory. It is hereby found that the proposed Project would have less than significant impacts, either individually or cumulatively, on biological and cultural resources. -57- Environmental Analysis 1 4.18(b) Less Than Significant Impact: As a policy document, the subject Housing Element Update is designed to aid the City in future planning, and provides the policy and regulatory mechanism to allow the market development of up to 480 new residential units for the planning period from 2015 to 2023. Future development proposals will require individual assessments to identify impacts and if necessary, mitigation would be required to reduce potential impacts to a less than significant level. As described herein, the subject Housing Element Update is consistent with the level and intensity of development previously envisioned within Saratoga. The Housing Element does not introduce increased intensities beyond what has been previously considered. The cumulative affects of the Housing Element Update are consistent with the anticipated population growth and rate of development expected in the General Plan EIR. Therefore, the Housing Element Update would not have a cumulatively considerable contribution and impacts would be less than significant. 4.18(c) Less Than Significant Impact:. The Housing Element is a policy document addressing demographic issues and local housing needs in the City for the Planning period from 2015 to 2023. The Project provides the policy and regulatory mechanism to facilitate the development of 480 residential units. Future residential projects would be evaluated for their potential direct and indirect impacts on human beings. Through the City's environmental review process, future residential developments would be evaluated to determine their impacts pursuant to CEQA, and if needed, mitigation would be required to reduce potential impacts to a less than significant level. The subject Housing Element Update does not introduce any new policies or programs that would result in a substantial adverse effect to human beings.Therefore,the Project would have a less than significant 1 impact. Mitigation Program: No mitigation is required beyond compliance with the General Plan policies programs and action implementation. 58_ Environmental Analysis 4.19 REFERENCES The following references were utilized during preparation of this Initial Study. These documents are available for review at the City of Saratoga, Community Development Department, 13777 Fruitvale Avenue, Saratoga, CA 95070. 1) City of Saratoga, City of Saratoga General Plan and EIR, May 1983. 2) City of Saratoga, City of Saratoga Housing Element and Initial Study/Negative Declaration, 2007. 3) City of Saratoga, City of Saratoga Land Use and Open Space/Conservation Elements of the Saratoga General Plan and Initial Study and Mitigated Negative Declaration, June 2007. 4) City of Saratoga, Municipal Code, Continuously Updated. 5) 2015-2023 Housing Element Update, May 2014. 6) San Jose Water Company 2010 Urban Water Management Plan,April 2011. 7) State of California, Department of Finance, E-5 Population and Housing Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State, 2011-2014, with 2010 Benchmark, Sacramento, California, May 2014. -59- Environmental Analysis 4.20 REPORT PREPARATION PERSONNEL City of Saratoga(Lead Agency) Department of Community Development 13777 Fruitvale Avenue Saratoga, California 95070 Christopher Riordan,Senior Planner Metropolitan Planning Group(Environmental Analysis) 579 Clyde Avenue, Suite 340 Mountain View, CA 94043 Olivia Ervin, Environmental Planner Lilly Bianco,Assistant Planner 5.0 CONSULTANT RECOMMENDATION Based on the information and environmental analysis contained in the Initial Study and Environmental Checklist, we recommend that the City of Saratoga prepare a Negative Declaration for the Project. We find that the proposed Housing Element Update would not have a significant effect on the environmental issues detailed in Section 4.0. We recommend the first category be selected for the City's determination; refer to Section 6.0,Lead Agency Determination. Olivia Ervin, Environmental Planner Date -60- Consultant Recommendation 6.0 LEAD AGENCY DETERMINATION On the basis of this initial evaluation: I find that the proposed use COULD NOT have a significant effect on the environment, and a NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared. I find that, although the proposal could have a significant effect on the environment, there will not be a significant effect in this case because the mitigation measures described in Section 5.0 have been incorporated. A MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared. I find that the proposal MAY have a significant effect on the environment, and an ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required. F-1 I find that the proposal MAY have a significant effect(s) on the environment, but at least one effect (1) has been adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and (2) has been addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis as described on attached sheets, if the effect is a F-1 "potentially significant impact" or "potentially significant unless mitigation incorporated." An ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required, but it must analyze only the effects that remain to be addressed. City of Saratoga Lead Agency Signature Date -61 - Lead Agency Determination