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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2013_09_09 Agenda Packet - Joint Study Session - Residential Design Handbook1 AGENDA SPECIAL MEETING SARATOGA CITY COUNCIL SEPTEMBER 9, 2013 SPECIAL MEETING – 6:00 P.M. ADMINISTRATIVE CONFERENCE ROOM, 13777 FRUITVALE AVENUE CALL MEETING TO ORDER – 6:00 p.m. REPORT ON POSTING OF AGENDA (Pursuant to Gov’t. Code 54954.2, the agenda for this meeting was properly posted on September 4, 2013) COMMUNICATIONS FROM COMMISSIONS & PUBLIC ORAL COMMUNICATIONS ON NON-AGENDIZED ITEMS Any member of the public will be allowed to address the City Council for up to three (3) minutes on matters not on this agenda. The law generally prohibits the council from discussing or taking action on such items. However, the Council may instruct staff accordingly regarding Oral Communications under Council Direction to Staff. COUNCIL DIRECTION TO STAFF Instruction to Staff regarding actions on current Oral Communications. 1. Proclamation Declaring the week of September 9, 2013 as “Architecture Week” Recommended Action: Read and present proclamation to representatives of the American Institute of Architects Santa Clara Valley Chapter. 2. Joint Study Session with the Planning Commission on In Progress Update to the Design Review Handbook Recommended Action: Discuss the Single Family Residential Design Handbook. ADJOURNMENT In accordance with the Ralph M. Brown Act, copies of the staff reports and other materials provided to the City Council by City staff in connection with this agenda are available at the office of the City Clerk at 13777 Fruitvale Avenue, Saratoga, CA 95070. Note that copies of materials distributed to the City 2 Council concurrently with the posting of the agenda are also available on the City Website at www.saratoga.ca.us. Any materials distributed by staff after the posting of the agenda are made available for public review at the office of the City Clerk at the time they are distributed to the City Council. In Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you need assistance to participate in this meeting, please contact the City Clerk at 408/868-1269. Notification 24 hours prior to the meeting will enable the City to make reasonable arrangements to ensure accessibility to this meeting. [28 CFR 35.102-35.104 ADA title II] Certificate of Posting of Agenda: I, Crystal Bothelio, City Clerk for the City of Saratoga, declare that the foregoing agenda for the meeting of the City Council was posted and available for public review on September 4, 2013 at the City of Saratoga, 13777 Fruitvale Ave., Saratoga, CA 95070 and on the City’s website at www.saratoga.ca.us. Signed this 4th day of September 2013 at Saratoga, California. Crystal Bothelio, City Clerk Page 1 of 2 SARATOGA CITY COUNCIL & PLANNING COMMISSION MEETING DATE: September 9, 2013 AGENDA ITEM: DEPARTMENT: Community Development CITY MANAGER: Dave Anderson PREPARED BY: Cynthia McCormick DIRECTOR: James Lindsay SUBJECT: Joint Study Session Discussion of the In Progress Update to the Design Review Handbook BACKGROUND: The Single Family Residential Design Review Handbook (Handbook) was adopted by the City Council in 1988, following adoption of the single-family residential design review ordinance in 1981. Design review was an aesthetic/scenic quality policy resulting from Measure A and the Hillside Specific Plan that was adopted in 1981 and many of the illustrations are of hillside structures and relate to hillside construction. The City Council approved the Planning Commission’s request to update the Handbook as part of the Community Development 2013 Work Plan early this year to make it more relevant to the type of infill redevelopment occurring in the R1 districts and to reduce ambiguity in the document. DISCUSSION: The primary objectives of the Joint Study Session are to obtain feedback on: 1) The suggested updates to the design review findings 2) Moving R1 development standards (such as floor area limits) out of the Design Review section and into the Single Family section of the City Code. 3) The working draft of the Handbook The Planning Commission has made significant progress in updating the Handbook since starting the project in March. It became apparent early in the draft process, that the ambiguity of the current Handbook was also reflected in the current design review findings. This ambiguity has led to conflict between neighbors, homeowners, and applicants. Therefore, the Commission is suggesting updates to the design review findings (Attachment A) to correspond to the updates being considered to the Handbook (Attachment B – working draft). Work on the Handbook is not complete as the Commission is still reviewing and commenting on illustrations, policies and techniques, and the overall layout. The proposed findings are meant to be more precise with the objective of having the details and methods clearly discussed and illustrated in the Handbook. Two options are currently shown for finding (a) with a choice between “minimize impacts” or “avoids unreasonable interference” with respect to privacy and community view sheds that will be discussed in more detail during the study session. Page 2 of 2 Staff and the Commission are recommending that all development standards for single family homes be located within one section of the City Code to provide clarity to the public. Currently the standards are spread between Article 15-22 – Single-Family Residential Districts and Article 15-45 – Single Family Design Review. Attachment D illustrates how the development standards (such as allowable floor area) that are contained in Article 15-45 could be moved to consolidate all standards to one location. No changes to the single family development standards are be proposed with this re-organization. ATTACHMENTS: A. Design Review Findings Comparison Chart B. Working Draft of the updated Handbook C. Existing Residential Design Handbook D. Example of consolidating residential development standards to Article 15-22 Page  1  of  3     DESIGN  REVIEW  FINDINGS  COMPARISON     City  Council  /  Planning  Commission  Joint  Study  Session  9/9/13     Views  &  Privacy   Existing  Findings  Proposed  Findings   (a)  Avoid   unreasonable   interference   with   views  and  privacy.  The  height,  elevations  and   placement  on  the  site  of  the  proposed  main  or   accessory   structure,  when   considered   with   reference  to:     (1)  The  nature  and  location  of  residential   structures  on  adjacent  lots  and  within   the  neighborhoods;  and   (2)  Community  view  sheds   will  avoid   unreasonable   interference   with   views  and  privacy.     All  homes:   Option  1   (a)  The  height  of  the  structure,  its   location  on  the  site,  and  its   architectural  elements  are   designed  to  minimize  impacts  to   privacy  and  community  view   sheds Option  2: (a)  The  height  of  the  structure,  its   location  on  the  site,  and  its   architectural  elements  are   designed  avoids  unreasonable   interference  with  privacy  and   community  view  sheds   Hillside  lots:   (f)  On  hillside  lots,  the  location  and   design  of  the  structure  avoids   unreasonable  impacts  to   ridgelines,  significant  hillside   features,  and  community  view   sheds     Trees,  Grading,  Natural  Landscape   Existing  Findings  Proposed  Findings   (b)  Preserve  natural  landscape.  The  natural   landscape   will   be   preserved   insofar   as   practicable  by  designing  structures  to  follow   the   natural   contours   of   the   site   and   minimizing   tree   and   soil   removal;   grade   changes   will   be   minimized   and   will   be   in   keeping   with   the   general   appearance   of   neighboring   developed   areas   and   undeveloped  areas.     (b)  Site   development   follows   the   natural   contours   of   the   site,   minimizes   grading,   and   is   appropriate  given  the  property’s   natural  constraints   (e) The  landscape  design  minimizes   hardscape   in   the   front   setback   area   and   complements   the   streetscape  in  the  neighborhood     Page  2  of  3       (c)  Preserve  protected  native  and  heritage   trees.  All  heritage  trees  (as  defined  in  Section   15-­‐50.020(l))  will  be  preserved.  All  protected   and   native   trees   as   defined   in  Section   15-­‐ 50.050  will   be   preserved,   or,   given   the   constraints   of   the   property,   the   number   approved   for   removal   will   be   reduced   to   an   absolute   minimum.   Removal   of   any   smaller   oak  trees  deemed  to  be  in  good  health  by  the   City   Arborist   will   be   minimized   using   the   criteria  set  forth  in  Section  15-­‐50.080     (f)  Current   grading   and   erosion   control   methods.  The  proposed  site  development  or   grading  plan  incorporates  current  grading  and   erosion  control  standards  used  by  the  City.       (c)  Impacts   to   protected   trees   will   be  kept  to  an  absolute  minimum   and   heritage   tress   will   be   preserved                   (b)  Site   development   follows   the   natural   contours   of   the   site,   minimizes   grading,   and   is   appropriate  given  the  property’s   natural  constraints     Compatibility  /  Mass  /  Bulk     Existing  Findings  Proposed  Findings   (d)  Minimize   perception   of   excessive   bulk.    The   proposed   main   or   accessory   structure  in  relation  to  structures  on  adjacent   lots,   and   to   the   surrounding  region,   will   minimize  the  perception  of  excessive  bulk  and   will   be   integrated   into   the   natural   environment.     (e)  Compatible   bulk   and   height.  The   proposed  main  or  accessory  structure  will  be   compatible  in  terms  of  bulk  and  height  with   (1)  existing  residential  structures  on  adjacent   lots   and   those   within   the   immediate   neighborhood   and   within   the   same   zoning   district;  and  (2)  the  natural  environment;  and   shall   not   (1)   unreasonably   impair   the   light   and   air   of   adjacent   properties,   nor   (2)   unreasonably   impair   the  ability   of   adjacent   properties  to  utilize  solar  energy.           (d)  The   overall   mass   of   the   structure   and   its   architectural   elements   are   balanced   on   the   structure  itself  and  in  scale  with   the  neighborhood         Page  3  of  3     Handbook  Consistency     Existing  Findings  Proposed  Findings   (g)  Design   policies   and   techniques.  The   proposed   main   or   accessory   structure   will   conform   to   each   of   the   applicable   design   policies   and   techniques   set   forth   in   the   Residential  Design  Handbook  and  as  required   by  Section  15-­‐45.055     (g)  The  design  of  the  structure  and   site   development   plan   is   consistent   with   the   Residential   Design   Handbook,   pursuant   to   City  Code  Section  15-­‐45.055         SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DESIGN REVIEW HANDBOOK CITY OF SARATOGA DRAFT SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DESIGN REVIEW HANDBOOK CITY OF SARATOGA DRAFT 1 In recognition of the city’s unique character and the desire to protect the residential characteristics of its neighborhoods, the City Council has adopted the Residential Design Handbook. This handbook serves to guide the homeowners, architects, and builders in designing new single-family homes or remodeling existing homes in a manner that is compatible with surrounding properties. The Residential Design Handbook embodies and illustrates the intent of the design review findings found in City Code Section 15-45.080 and serves as a guide to staff, the Planning Commission and the City Council in the single-family design review process. GENERAL PLAN GOALS The General Plan represents the community’s objectives for its future and includes goals, policies, and implementation measures upon which the City Council and Planning Commission base their decisions. Goals include:  Maintaining the predominantly small town residential character of Saratoga which includes semi-rural and open space areas  Using the design review process to assure that new construction and major additions thereto are compatible with the site and the adjacent surroundings DESIGN REVIEW FINDINGS The Planning Commission shall not grant design review approval unless it is able to make the following findings. These findings are in addition to, and not a substitute for, compliance with all other Zoning Regulations (which constitute the minimum requirements as provided in City Code Section 15-05.050.) 1. Site development follows the natural contours of the site, minimizes grading, and is appropriate given the property’s natural constraints 2. Impacts to protected trees will be kept to an absolute minimum 3. The height of the structure, its location on the site, and its architectural elements are designed to minimize impacts to privacy and community viewsheds 4. The overall mass of the structure and its architectural elements are balanced on the structure itself and in scale with the neighborhood 5. The landscape design minimizes hardscape in the front setback area and complements the streetscape in the neighborhood 6. The design of the structure and site development plan is consistent with the Residential Design Handbook, pursuant to City Code Section 15-45.055 7. On hillside lots, the location and design of the structure minimizes impacts to ridgelines, significant hillside features, and community viewsheds DRAFT 2 Refer to Appendix A for the Hillside Residential Guidelines (also applies to lots with an average slope of 10% or greater) Refer to Appendix B for an overview of the Design Review Process Refer to Appendix C for the Good Neighbor Worksheet All Design Review projects shall be consistent with this Handbook. This Handbook may also be helpful for technical review projects. NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT…...........3 Mass……………………………………………..…….4 Height, Scale and Proportion....………..…...5 Streetscape……………………………………..……6 Two-story Structure………………………..…….7 SITE PLANNING …………….…......….8 The Lot…………………………………………..…….9 Setbacks………………………………………..…….10 Privacy…………………………………………………11 Solar Access ………………………………………..12 BUILDING DESIGN …………………….…………13 Porches and Entry Features……….…………………………14 Garage………………………………….….…………………………15 Roof, Eaves, and Wall Planes….….…………………………16 Windows Dormers and Balconies.…………………………17 Exterior Materials and Details….………………………….18 LANDSCAPING ……………….…………………...19 Front Yard Landscaping……………………………….……….20 Pervious Materials and Hardscape..……………………..…21 Grading, Drainage, and Erosion Control…..…………….22 Water Efficient Landscaping………………………………….23 Each section and corresponding guideline includes the following components:  Applicable Findings – The first page of each section identifies relevant design review findings required for project approval  Design Techniques – Each guideline includes design techniques that should be considered for meeting the findings  Illustrations – Each guideline includes illustrated examples of design techniques DRAFT 3 SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DESIGN REVIEW HANDBOOK Site development follows the natural contours of the site, minimizes grading, and is appropriate given the property’s natural constraints Impacts to protected trees will be kept to an absolute minimum The height of the structure, its location on the site, and its architectural elements are designed to minimize privacy impacts The overall mass of the structure and its architectural elements are balanced on the structure itself and in scale with the neighborhood The landscape design minimizes hardscape in the front setback area and complements the streetscape in the neighborhood On hillside lots, the location and design of the structure minimizes impacts to ridgelines and significant hillside features NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT People think of their “neighborhood” in different ways. When establishing the existing neighborhood design context, the boundaries of a neighborhood could include an area with the following characteristics in common: Similar zoning, part of a sub-division, common access routes, walkable radius (15 minutes, about quarter mile radius), similar architectural styles/tree or landscaping patterns, main streets as a boundary. This handbook is not intended to prevent change in a neighborhood, nor should it be construed as an obligation to adhere to an existing style or prescriptive design. Modernization of the City’s aging housing can be done in a manner that recognizes and respects the unique features and characteristics of each neighborhood. When evaluating a proposal for a new home or significant addition to an existing home, the planning staff and Planning Commission will look at design elements that are consistent in the neighborhood. These design elements include, but are not limited to: • Front yard setback • Side yard setbacks • Building size • Building height • Chimneys • Roof over-hangs • Eave heights • Garage location • Entry elements • Porch details • Dormers • Windows • Bay windows • Wainscoting • Exterior materials • Architectural details DESIGN REVIEW FINDINGS DRAFT 4 The home to the right appears massive in comparison to the home to the left. Bringing the height of the entry down, changing the roof design, and reducing the mass of the home facing the street would help bring it into scale with the adjacent residence. The perspective drawing below illustrates the mass of the home as on the streetscape. MASS NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT Mass is correlated with the physical size (i.e., bulk and volume) and configuration of a structure and the design of its architectural features. The perception of mass is a reflection of how large a home appears in a neighborhood. The mass of a structure is controlled in part by height limits, minimum setbacks and maximum floor area limits. However, a structure that maximizes the allowable floor area and minimizes the required setbacks may appear bulky and out of context in the neighborhood. A structure that is thoughtfully designed and sited appropriately on the lot will have less impact on the neighborhood. The design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Manage bulk and mass in the initial design stage, not after the floor plan is developed o Manage mass through appropriate building design rather than with landscaping o Design the structure with simple and well- proportioned massing o Setback large or tall building elements from the street and adjacent residences o Utilize simple roof forms and/or wall planes o Minimize the use of excessive colors and materials DESIGN TECHNIQUES DRAFT 5 The design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Increase the side yard setbacks of a home that is significantly taller than adjacent homes o Incorporate front and side wall plane heights that are in scale with adjacent residences o Incorporate eaves and roof lines that are in scale with adjacent residences o Minimize the height and width of appurtenances o Minimize the height and width of the entry o Minimize the use of visually heavy materials o Avoid flattening the top of a sloped roof to accommodate height limitations DESIGN TECHNIQUES HEIGHT, SCALE, AND PROPORTION Scale refers to the overall height and size of a structure. Proportion refers to the relative size of a structure. The height and scale of a structure should be proportionate to the size and shape of the lot; the height and scale of adjacent structures; and the character of a particular neighborhood. The spaces between the homes in a neighborhood will also affect the perception of height and scale of a structure.  Maximizing the height and minimizing the setbacks of this home overwhelms the adjacent residence.  Setting the second story back and incorporating similar first story eave lines and roof forms as the adjacent residence helps brings this home into scale with the neighborhood. Existing single story home. NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT DRAFT 6 The Streetscape represents the visual elements of a street, including the roadway, driveways, walkways, fencing, trees, structures, and landscaping that combine to form the street's character. The streetscape is affected by the setbacks between individual properties and the setback between each home and the street. The design of a structure and front yard landscape should complement the generally established neighborhood street character. The homes along this street share proportional characteristics such as similar L-shaped footprint, garage location, and roof type, while maintaining personal design elements such as siding material, roof material, exterior colors and trim. The design is well composed on both sides facing the street   The building footprint on the right is compatible with the predominant streetscape pattern while the building footprint on the left will likely appear bulky and out of place NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT STREETSCAPE DESIGN TECHNIQUES The design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Maintain the generally established front yard setbacks along the street o Maintain the generally established driveway patterns along the street o Design both street facing facades of a corner lot in a well composed manner o Use exterior materials that complement the streetscape o Minimize any large expanse of roof seen from the street o Deemphasize the garage presence on the street o Minimize the height of the entry and other features seen from the street o Minimize the overall mass of a structure on a non-conforming lot DRAFT 7 A new two-story home or addition in a predominately single- story neighborhood should incorporate one or more of the following design techniques: o Increase the side yard setbacks of a home that is significantly larger than adjacent homes o Incorporate single- story elements in the front o Minimize the height of second story wall planes and eave lines o Incorporate the second story within the roof form o Align the first story eave lines to be in scale with adjacent structures o Setback the second story in proportion to the size of the lot and proximity to neighbors With few exceptions, a two-story home is permitted and possible. If designed with consideration of the surroundings, a two-story design can have benefits such as increased distance between structures on adjacent properties, reduced grading and lot coverage, and minimized impact on trees, creeks, and other natural features and habitat. For neighborhoods primarily consisting of single-story homes, an effort should be made to design a new two-story home or addition that blends in seamlessly with the neighborhood. The design should incorporate single-story features which reduce the visual impact of the second story. TWO-STORY STRUCTURE NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT DESIGN TECHNIQUES  This full height two-story home with high eaves and wide roof ridge is out of scale with the adjacent single story home.  By lowering the eave line and containing the square footage under the roof with dormers, this two-story home is more in scale with the neighborhood than the home to the far left.  Setting the second story back and incorporating similar eave lines and roof forms as the adjacent residence helps brings this home into scale with the neighborhood.  Existing single-story home. DRAFT 8 Site development follows the natural contours of the site, minimizes grading, and is appropriate given the property’s natural constraints Impacts to protected trees will be kept to an absolute minimum The height of the structure, its location on the site, and its architectural elements are designed to minimize privacy impacts The overall mass of the structure and its architectural elements are balanced on the structure itself and in scale with the neighborhood The landscape design minimizes hardscape in the front setback area and complements the streetscape in the neighborhood On hillside lots, the location and design of the structure minimizes impacts to ridgelines and significant hillside features Site Planning is the process of identifying the site’s natural features and constraints. The initial site plan assessment should take into account sun and wind orientation, site drainage, existing trees and landscaped areas, and proposed areas for driveways, pathways, gardening and outdoor entertainment. The site assessment should also consider the location of existing structures adjacent to the site and general similarities and differences in the size, dimensions, and topography of the site and of neighboring properties. Areas with potential privacy impacts for both the owner and neighbors should be managed in the site plan design, rather than after the floor plan is developed. A successful site plan will minimize privacy impacts and minimize impacts to trees and other natural features of the site. SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DESIGN REVIEW HANDBOOK SITE PLANNING DESIGN REVIEW FINDINGS When designing the site plan, consider neighborhood patterns such as garage location, setbacks, and front yard landscaping  This site plan considers areas with potential privacy impacts, site drainage patterns, the location of existing trees, and sun and wind orientation DRAFT 9 The Zoning Code separates different areas of the city into zoning districts. Each zoning district sets the standard for minimum lot size, minimum setbacks, and maximum lot coverage allowed on a property. These standards help to provide adequate light, air, privacy and open space for each single-family home in the City. The size of the lot may determine the maximum size of the home that can be built upon it. On hillside lots, the topography may also limit the size of the home that can be built. SITE PLANNING THE LOT DESIGN TECHNIQUES The design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Coordinate the site plan and floor plan to accommodate lot constraints including the preservation of existing trees o Design the size, mass, and height of a structure to be in proportion to the size and shape of the lot o Minimize the amount of hardscape in the front yard o Minimize the size of a structure on a non- conforming lot o Pay particular attention to privacy concerns on sub- standard or small lots  This home was designed to maximize the floor plan rather than respond to neighborhood patterns.  The site plan was developed after a thorough understanding of all lot constraints including orientation of homes on adjacent lots. Existing home Proposed Site Plan Existing home Existing home Proposed Site Plan Existing home DRAFT 10 Setbacks provide openings for light and air, enhance privacy, and create boundaries between properties. The minimum requirements for the front, side, and rear yard setbacks are based on the designated zoning district. However, many older neighborhoods were built with larger setbacks. The design plan should consider established neighborhood setbacks, even when such setbacks may be more restrictive than the Zoning Code.  While this home meets the required front yard setback, its placement on the lot is out of character with the other homes, disrupting the natural flow along the street. SITE PLANNING SETBACKS DESIGN TECHNIQUES The home on the right is set back from the adjacent property in proportion to its size and height. The design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Maintain the generally established front yard setbacks along the street o Design side yard setbacks to minimize impacts on neighbor privacy o Setback the structure from adjacent properties in proportion to its size and height o Increase the setbacks of a large structure o Increase the side yard setbacks of a two-story structure Property line fence DRAFT 11 Privacy, both within a home and in an enclosed yard, is important to residential quality of life in Saratoga. Privacy issues should be resolved in the initial design stage, not as an afterthought. Residential privacy should not be achieved solely with fencing and landscaping between properties. The building’s design should be the primary means of addressing privacy impacts. Privacy impacts should be minimized to the best extent possible through appropriate placement of buildings, windows, doors, and balconies.  Window A has a direct view through the neighbor’s window. Window B has a less direct view due to its placement. Offset the placement of windows and doors between adjacent properties. Minimize the placement of windows directly across from neighbor’s private indoor and outdoor areas. SITE PLANNING PRIVACY DESIGN TECHNIQUES The design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Engage neighbors for feedback early in the design process o Minimize the placement of windows and balconies in direct view of neighbor’s private indoor and outdoor areas o Minimize the size of 2nd story windows o Locate larger windows needed for egress in areas that don’t have privacy impacts o Utilize clerestory windows or windows with higher sills where privacy is a concern o Preserve existing trees that provide screening between properties Use clerestory windows where light is desired but privacy is a concern. DRAFT 12 The design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Locate and design a structure to minimize shadows on neighbors’ pool, yard areas, or solar systems o Design landscaping to minimize interference with a neighbor’s solar access o Minimize the appearance of roof mounted solar panels o Minimize energy usage through careful selection and placement of windows o Landscape with deciduous trees that increase sun exposure in the winter and block sun in the summer o Locate main living areas and windows along south elevations Solar access is the ability of a property to collect active and passive solar energy directly from the sun. Solar panels are increasingly used as a means of reducing energy use from industrial sources. Passive solar design takes advantage of a building’s site, climate, and materials to minimize energy use. A passive solar home collects heat as the sun shines through south-facing windows and retains it in materials that store heat, known as thermal mass.  Depending on sun angle, a structure’s mass can cast a substantial shadow on adjacent properties and interfere with solar collectors or sunlight exposure on a neighbor’s yard or pool Reversing the floor plan and adjusting the slope, eave line(s), and orientation of this home’s roof planes reduces the shadowing effect SITE PLANNING SOLAR ACCESS DESIGN TECHNIQUES State Law sets forth minimum requirements for non-interference with neighboring properties’ solar access. Cal. Public Resources Code Section 25982 forbids any tree or shrub from being planted so as to cast a shadow “greater than 10 percent of the collector absorption area upon [an existing neighboring] solar collector surface at any one time between the hours of 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., local standard time.” This standard is a statutory minimum, in addition to this Handbook’s guidelines to minimize interference with a neighbor’s solar access due to landscaping and building design. Summer Solstice Winter Solstice DRAFT 13 Building Design is a reflection of individual taste, family needs, and the nature of a home’s living space. The design of a home and its architectural style will continue to evolve over time. New and older structures need not look alike, but should exhibit threads of commonality including building form, roof type and the relative size of windows, doors, entries, and other major building elements. Site development follows the natural contours of the site, minimizes grading, and is appropriate given the property’s natural constraints Impacts to protected trees will be kept to an absolute minimum The height of the structure, its location on the site, and its architectural elements are designed to minimize privacy impacts The overall mass of the structure and its architectural elements are balanced on the structure itself and in scale with the neighborhood The landscape design minimizes hardscape in the front setback area and complements the streetscape in the neighborhood On hillside lots, the location and design of the structure minimizes impacts to ridgelines and significant hillside features SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DESIGN REVIEW HANDBOOK BUILDING DESIGN DESIGN REVIEW FINDINGS DRAFT 14 The front porch and entry are one of the most defining design components of a home and represent a transitional space between the external and internal environments. Large new homes built in neighborhoods with smaller homes can create visual impacts through the use of tall, formal entries that are in stark contrast to their more modest neighbors. Entries should be in scale with the existing neighborhood pattern and integrated with the structure in composition, scale and design character. Balconies are also often a prominent element of a building’s architecture and should be designed with attention to scale and privacy.  The wide entry and round columns are inconsistent with the architectural style and out of scale with other elements of the home  The tall and narrow entry on this home accentuates the height of the entire structure. Lowering the eave would reduce its prominence This porch deemphasizes the second story BUILDING DESIGN FRONT PORCH, ENTRY, AND BALCONIES DESIGN TECHNIQUES This porch is appropriate to the architectural style of the home The design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Design the porch and entry to be in scale with other structures in the neighborhood o Design the entry height in proportion to the structure Design entry eave lines in proportion with adjacent residences o Design the height and width of columns in proportion to the structure o Incorporate entry and porch materials that are architecturally appropriate o Orient upper floor balconies towards large yard areas DRAFT 15 The design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Design a garage that is in scale with the structure o Deemphasize the presence of the garage on the facade o Select garage door colors and materials that are compatible with the architecture o Face the garage doors perpendicular to the street if lot size allows o Offset the wall planes of a three car garage The location and size of the garage will influence the amount of hardscape in the front yard and the landscaped space between residences. Designing a two-car garage on a narrow lot will require additional consideration to avoid overwhelming the façade of the home. Large homes on large lots can accommodate a three- car garage, so long as it is done with consideration of impacts to the streetscape and neighborhood character. This three-car garage is placed perpendicular to the lot frontage, and is designed with windows facing the street, giving it a more street friendly presence This garage is setback from the home, diminishing its presence on the street  This three-car garage is the foremost feature on the home and overwhelms the façade. The second story element of this home also places emphasis on the garage GARAGE BUILDING DESIGN DESIGN TECHNIQUES DRAFT 16 BUILDING DESIGN The design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Incorporate wall planes and plate heights that are in scale with homes in the neighborhood o Incorporate roof and eave lines that are in scale with homes in the neighborhood o Select a roof design and materials that are architecturally appropriate o Design primary and secondary roof forms that are compatible with each other in terms of slope, mass, and complexity o Utilize simple roof forms o Minimize unbroken roof surfaces and extensive ridgelines DESIGN TECHNIQUES ROOFS, EAVES, AND WALL PLANES Roofs are a significant structural component of a building and largely responsible for defining the character of a home. The principle features of a roof are the shape, pitch, and materials – all of which determine architectural style. An eave is the edge of a roof and typically projects beyond the side of the building. The exterior wall plane and plate height forms the vertical and horizontal massing of a structure. The roof pitch and overall length and height of a structure’s walls are key considerations in maintaining a compatible scale in a neighborhood.  The roof lines of this home emphasize its size The taller portions of a structure can be minimized in appearance by providing variations in the setback of wall planes  Overcomplicated roof forms add unnecessary bulk to the facade When located next to a single-story home, it may be necessary to incorporate additional design strategies to deemphasize the second story The bulk can be further reduced by lowering the plate height at the edge of the second story walls and reducing the slope of the roof Lowering the plate heights of both the first and second story and incorporating a sloped roof helps reduce the bulk  This simple sketch illustrates what happens when a home is designed with a flat roof in order to maximize both height and floor area; it results in a home that appears bulky DRAFT 17 The design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Maintain the general type and shape of windows on all sides of the structure o Select windows and dormers that are architecturally appropriate o Design dormers in proportion to the roof o Offset windows between adjacent structures to reduce privacy impacts o Moderate the size and quantity of bay windows and/or dormers o Minimize large wall expanses without windows o Incorporate energy efficiency through window design Windows are a defining characteristic of a home’s appearance from the street. Windows and dormers should be designed with consideration of the impact they have on adjacent neighbors and the overall design of the structure. While complete privacy is not guaranteed in an urban environment, the design should strive to protect the privacy of both the homeowner and the adjacent neighbors. The windows and doors on this home are architecturally appropriate and convey a human scale in the neighborhood  The large bay window and divided lites overwhelm the façade Dormers provide light and air to upper floors while reducing the perceived mass of second story floor space BUILDING DESIGN WINDOWS AND DORMERS DESIGN TECHNIQUES DRAFT 18 The design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Select materials, colors, and details that enhance the architecture in a well-composed, understated manner o Minimize excessive use of colors and materials o Select roof colors that are inconspicuous from the street o Select materials and details that are architecturally appropriate o Design shutters to generally be in scale with the window o Design the height, size, and shape of the chimney in proportion to the structure Exterior Materials and Details include but are not limited to siding materials, roof materials, chimneys, spires, columns, shutters, and exterior colors and trim. The exterior presentation of a structure, in terms of color, texture, and use of materials greatly influences curb appeal as well as compatibility with neighboring structures. Colors and materials found in the neighborhood can help tie the structure to its surroundings. Materials should be consistent with the structure’s architectural style and massing. Accessory structures should complement materials, finishes, and colors found on the primary structure. A large expanse of a single material can overwhelm the facade. When using stone veneer, the design should reflect the inherent heavy weight of the natural material. This home's exterior is well composed and has been designed with simple, understated appurtenances including the balcony and shutters. The variegated roof colors, tall columns, and contrasting exterior colors on this home overwhelm the façade. BUILDING DESIGN EXTERIOR MATERIALS AND DETAILS DESIGN TECHNIQUES DRAFT 19 Landscape design is an integral component of Site Planning and Building Design. The current pattern of walkways, driveways and landscape elements such as fences, hedges, and retaining walls in the neighborhood should be considered when developing the landscape design. Plant selection should recognize the importance of water conservation, fire resistance, and erosion control. The use of impervious surfaces should be minimized. The preservation of trees is essential. SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DESIGN REVIEW HANDBOOK LANDSCAPING DESIGN REVIEW FINDINGS Site development follows the natural contours of the site, minimizes grading, and is appropriate given the property’s natural constraints Impacts to protected trees will be kept to an absolute minimum The height of the structure, its location on the site, and its architectural elements are designed to minimize privacy impacts The overall mass of the structure and its architectural elements are balanced on the structure itself and in scale with the neighborhood The landscape design minimizes hardscape in the front setback area and complements the streetscape in the neighborhood On hillside lots, the location and design of the structure minimizes impacts to ridgelines and significant hillside features DRAFT 20 Front yard landscaping includes hardscape, greenscape, and accessory structures (e.g., fences, gates, pillars). A well designed landscape can help connect the residence to the site and define the entry, pathways, and boundaries of a property. While landscape design is highly personal and largely left to the discretion of the individual property owner, the design should reflect the constraints of the lot and character of the neighborhood. Well-designed front yard fencing and landscaping can maintain privacy between properties while preserving a connection to the street and neighborhood Landscaping can be coordinated with adjacent properties to create a lush yard for both neighbors Landscaping can soften the appearance of fencing LANDSCAPING FRONT YARD LANDSCAPING DESIGN TECHNIQUES The front yard landscape design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Incorporate landscape elements that complement the streetscape o Select landscape elements that are compatible with other front yards found in the neighborhood o Incorporate landscape elements that develop a sense of connection between the home and the neighborhood o Design landscaping that is compatible with the home’s architecture o Design walls, fences, gates, pillars, and accessory structures in proportion to the home and the site o Soften the appearance of fences and walls with landscaping Landscaping can be used to create an inviting entry DRAFT 21 “Hardscape” includes impervious surfaces and other surfaces that may be permeable but are not otherwise considered natural landscaping (e.g., trees, dirt, grass). Where hardscape may be necessary for driveways and walkways, pervious materials are encouraged. Pervious materials allow infiltration of stormwater into the soil, thereby reducing runoff and the amount of pollutants that enter creeks, the Bay, and other water bodies. This can improve water quality, help reduce creek erosion, and facilitate groundwater recharge. Pervious pavement systems are available in many different types that offer environmentally-friendly and aesthetically pleasing options for driveways, walkways, and patios Pervious materials contain pores or separation joints that allow water to flow through and seep into a base material (typically gravel or drain rock) LANDSCAPING PERVIOUS MATERIALS AND HARDSCAPE DESIGN TECHNIQUES  Excessive hardscape and a lack of live landscaping in the front yard can diminish the semi-rural character of neighborhoods The landscape design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Minimize hardscape in the front yard setback area o Minimize impervious surfaces, especially where runoff may be a concern o Minimize compacted landscaped areas which can inhibit site drainage o Consider using pervious materials for driveways, walkways, and/or patios Pervious pavement may be suitable in locations that are: o flat or nearly flat (maximum 2% slope) o not in a seasonally wet area (e.g., creek bed) o not close to a building foundation (unless measures are taken to prevent infiltration under the structure) Grasscrete and other grass paving systems decrease the amount of impervious surface on a property and can be more visually appealing than traditional hardscape surfaces DRAFT 22 Storm water must be retained on-site and directed away from adjoining property and toward stormwater drains, drainageways, and streets. Stormwater best management practices should be integrated into the landscape and grading design plans to minimize runoff and to increase on-site retention and infiltration. Low Impact Development (LID) is an alternative site design strategy that uses natural and engineered infiltration and storage techniques to control storm water runoff. Refer to the Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program for information on applicable stormwater ordinances and stormwater management plans. Any proposed construction or grading within 50 feet from the top of creek bank shall comply with Santa Clara Valley Water District Guidelines Rain gardens and bio- swales can filter, direct, and retain storm water LANDSCAPING GRADING, DRAINAGE, AND EROSION CONTROL DESIGN TECHNIQUES The grading and drainage design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Minimize soil erosion, runoff, and water waste o Retain water from irrigation and normal rainfall within property lines o Minimize drainage onto impervious surfaces o Minimize the potential for soil compaction o Direct runoff from driveways, walkways, roofs, and/or patios onto vegetated areas o Avoid grading within the driplines of protected trees Splash blocks or rain chains can prevent erosion DRAFT 23 The landscape design should incorporate one or more of the following techniques: o Group plants according to their water needs o Select native species that are adapted to site soil characteristics o Protect and preserve native species and natural vegetation o Select drought tolerant and/or water-conserving plants and turf species o Select plants based on disease and pest resistance o Design irrigation that is appropriate for soil conditions, plant type, and season The City acknowledges the aesthetic benefit of landscapes while recognizing the need to invest water and other resources as efficiently as possible. Water efficiency can be achieved without an overreliance on hardscape. Landscape design, installation, maintenance and management can and should be water efficient. Simple changes in plant type and irrigation methods can greatly reduce the water required for an attractive landscape. There are many plants that use surprisingly little water. New irrigation systems can increase irrigation efficiency and result in water use reduction. Grass lawns can require a large amount of water and maintenance. Consider limiting turf to functional areas such as play or recreation areas. Use turf sparingly for aesthetic purposes A dry river rock bed can reduce water use while adding a natural-looking element to the landscape. It can also reduce topsoil erosion in areas where runoff is a problem Mulch can aid in greater water retention by minimizing evaporation and reducing weed growth. However, mulch should be used sparingly in conjunction with an attractive water efficient landscape LANDSCAPING WATER EFFICIENT LANDSCAPING DESIGN TECHNIQUES Dry River Rock Bed DRAFT 24 HILLSIDE GUIDELINES HILLSIDE INTEGRATION - BUILDING DESIGN DESIGN TECHNIQUES  Maximizing the height and floor area of this structure creates a home that is out of scale with the natural hillside setting The siding materials of this home compliment the natural setting and landscaping o Do not design to attract attention or stand out o Select exterior colors and siding materials that blend with the natural terrain o Select roof colors and materials that blend with the natural terrain o Use earth tone colors on foundation and lower portions of the structure o Avoid light, bright, or reflective colors that contrast with the natural terrain o Design roof and building lines that follow the natural contours of the site o Avoid large attic spaces that increase the height of a structure o Minimize the height and visual impact of crawl space areas The rooflines of this structure follow the natural contours of the site and the stone accents help blend the home into the natural setting  Although the basement garage is sunk into the hillside, this home has the appearance of a three-story from the street DRAFT 25 General Plan goals include preserving the natural beauty of the west valley hillsides and protecting existing view sheds, view corridors, and scenic open spaces. The design review process was put in place to ensure that development would blend in with the hillside’s natural environment by limiting the use of obtrusive colors and reviewing the height, placement, and design of structures. Development proposals shall minimize grading and minimize impacts to ridgelines and significant natural hillside features, including but not limited to steep topography, native vegetation and trees, and watercourses. The design plan should also minimize both physical and aesthetic changes to a site’s natural topography. SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DESIGN REVIEW HANDBOOK HILLSIDE GUIDELINES DESIGN REVIEW FINDINGS These Guidelines apply to properties with an average site slope of 10% or greater and to properties in the Hillside Residential Zoning District Drawing copied from Orinda – need to re-illustrate DRAFT 26 HILLSIDE GUIDELINES HILLSIDE INTEGRATION – SITE PLANNING DESIGN TECHNIQUES Although this property is located above the neighbor’s property, the setback of the home and the preservation of existing trees reduce privacy impacts on the neighbor o Locate structures in parallel to site contours to minimize grading o Minimize the visual impact of multiple structures on a site o Minimize the number of detached structures o Minimize large, continuous paved areas o Blend parking areas with environment o Screen mechanical equipment o Avoid building on hillside locations that interfere with privacy o Integrate fences and walls with structures and natural setting o Break retaining walls into a few low height segments o Limit the number and intensity of light sources  By minimizing the setback and placing the balcony near the neighbor’s property, the design of this structure creates privacy impacts for the neighbor This home is integrated into the hillside, rather than grading a flat building pad that would require excessive cut and fill  This structure has been sited perpendicular to the contours, requiring unnecessary grading DRAFT 27 HILLSIDE GUIDELINES HILLSIDE INTEGRATION – NATURAL TOPOGRAPHY DESIGN TECHNIQUES The home and basement area is terraced into the hillside, reducing the perceived mass and height of the structure  The downhill cantilevers and opposing roof slope on this home are visually obtrusive to the natural topography of the site  The exposed crawlspace and tall support poles of this home increase the height and mass of the structure This home is tucked into the hillside, reducing its visual impact on the valley below o Terrace the structure into the hillside o Minimize changes to the natural topography o Minimize changes to the site’s natural contours o Balance cut and fill o Design roof slopes to compliment topographic contours o Avoid excessive soil cut and fill o Avoid unnecessary grading o Avoid downhill cantilevers o Avoid exposed crawlspace areas o Avoid exposed foundations o Avoid tall support poles for DRAFT 28 o Avoid siting the home on the top of a hill o Tuck the structure into the hillside o Locate higher portions of the structure on lower portions of a hillside lot o Design the site plan and structure’s location to minimize impacts to viewsheds o Limit the height and bulk of structures on hillside lots o Design roof forms and roof ridgelines that minimize impacts to viewsheds o Avoid light, bright, or reflective colors and materials o Screen light sources o Locate light sources at ground level o Avoid light sources that may be seen at a distance HILLSIDE GUIDELINES HILLSIDE VIEWSHEDS DESIGN TECHNIQUES  This home has been sited at the top of the hill, standing out against the landscape and disrupting the view shed from below This home has been tucked into the hillside, minimizing its visual impact on the valley below This home has been sited on a lower portion of the site to minimize impacts to the community viewshed  The placement and height of this home interferes with the community viewshed DRAFT 29 Attachment D 1 Text to be added is indicated in bold double-underlined font (e.g., bold double-underlined) and text to be deleted is indicated in strikeout font (e.g., strikeout). Text in standard font is readopted by this ordinance. NEW “A zone” SECTION 15-11.085 - Allowable floor area The maximum allowable floor area shall be determined in accordance with City Code Section 15-12.085. NEW “HR zone” SECTION 15-13.085 - Allowable floor area The maximum allowable floor area shall be determined in accordance with City Code Section 15-12.085. NEW “ROS zone” SECTION 15-20.085 - Allowable floor area Where a single-family dwelling is the principal use on the site, the maximum allowable floor area, determined in accordance with City Code Section 15-12.085, shall not be more than six thousand square feet, excluding any detached garage or accessory structure for which a use permit is granted. 15-20.150 - Design review. The construction or expansion of any main or accessory structure in the R-OS district shall comply with the applicable design review regulations set forth in Article 15-45 or Article 15-46 of this Chapter. ;provided, however, where a single-family dwelling is the principal use on the site, then the allowable floor area determined in accordance with Section 15-45.030 shall in no event be more than six thousand square feet, excluding any detached garage or accessory structure for which a use permit is granted. 15-45.020 - Compliance with development standards. No single-family main structure or accessory structure shall be constructed or significantly Attachment D 2 expanded within any A, R-1, HR, R-OS district unless the proposed structure or expansion complies with the floor area standards contained in Section 15-45.030 of this Article and the setback requirements contained in this Chapter. In the event of a conflict between the floor area and setback requirements in Article 15-45 and the standards set forth in the R-OS zone district, the more restrictive standard shall govern. For the purposes of this Article, the terms "significantly expanded" or "significant expansion" shall mean an expansion exceeding one hundred square feet. The Planning Commission shall have authority to grant a variance from such regulations pursuant to Article 15-70 of this Chapter. All structures requiring design review, as provided in Sections 15-45.060 and 15-45.065 of this Article, shall comply with the floor area standards and setback requirements contained in this chapter. In the event of a conflict between the floor area and setback requirements in this Chapter the more restrictive standard shall govern. The Planning Commission shall have authority to grant a variance from such regulations pursuant to Article 15-70 of this Chapter NEW R1 SECTION (moved from design review) 15-12.085 - Allowable floor area for R-1, HR, ROS and A zone districts a) Definition. As used in this Article, the term "allowable floor area" means the maximum cumulative floor area allowed for all areas with a roof and with three or more walls, where the interior height is equal to or greater than five feet. Any space with an interior height of fifteen feet or greater shall be doubled counted towards the maximum floor area allowance. The allowable floor area is based upon the net site area calculated in accordance with City Code Section 15-06.620 and any slope reduction provided in City Code Section 15-12.085(f). b) Maximum standards. The standards set forth in this Section are intended to be maximum figures and the Planning Commission may, in considering any application, require that the floor area be reduced below the applicable standard if such reduction is necessary in order to make the findings prescribed in City Code Section 15-45.080. c) Slope adjustment. If the average slope of the lot is more than ten percent, the net site area of the lot shall be reduced as follows: Average Slope of the Lot Percentage of Net Site Area to be Deducted 10.01—20% 10% plus 2% for each 1 percent of slope over 10%* 20.01—30% 30% plus 3% for each 1 percent of slope over 20%* Over 30% 60% *Where the average slope is a fractional number, it shall be rounded up to the next whole number. (a) Maximum floor area allowed for R-1, HR, ROS and A zone districts. The maximum allowable floor area shall be the lesser of the standards specified as in the following Attachment D 3 tables: Size of Lot (Net Site Area) Floor Area Standard 4,999 sq. ft. or less To be determined by Planning Commission 5,000—10,000 sq. ft. 2,400 sq. ft. plus 160 sq. ft. for each 1,000 sq. ft. of net site area over 5,000 sq. ft.* 10,001—15,000 sq. ft. 3,200 sq. ft. plus 170 sq. ft. for each 1,000 sq. ft. of net site area over 10,000 sq. ft.* 15,001—40,000 sq. ft. 4,050 sq. ft. plus 78 sq. ft. for each 1,000 sq. ft. of net site area over 15,000 sq. ft.* 40,001—80,000 sq. ft. 6,000 sq. ft. plus 20 sq. ft. for each 1,000 sq. ft. of net site area over 40,000 sq. ft.* 80,001—200,000 sq. ft. 6,800 sq. ft. plus 10 sq. ft. for each 1,000 sq. ft. of net site area over 80,000 sq. ft.* 200,000 + 8,000 sq. ft. is the maximum allowable square footage Zone District Maximum Floor Area (regardless of net lot size) R-1—10,000 4,400 R-1—12,500 4,830 R-1—15,000 5,220 R-1—20,000 6,000 R-1—40,000 7,200 HR and A 8,000 ROS In accordance with Section 15-20.085 of this Article *Where the net site area over 5,000 square feet is a fractional number, it shall be rounded up to the next whole thousand (i.e., 5,001 would be rounded up to 6,000). Attachment D 4 15-45.030 - Allowable floor area. a) Definition. As used in this Article, the term "allowable floor area" means the maximum floor area of the main structure (including any garage constituting a portion thereof), plus any accessory structures. For purposes of calculating allowable floor area, any space with an interior height of fifteen feet or greater shall be doubled. The allowable floor area is based upon the net site area and slope of the lot and the height of the main structure to be constructed or existing thereon as computed in accordance with the provisions of this Section. Net site area shall be calculated in accordance with Section 15-06.620 of this Code. b) Maximum standards. The standards set forth in this Section are intended to be maximum figures and the Planning Commission may, in considering any application, require that the floor area be reduced below the applicable standard if such reduction is necessary in order to make the findings prescribed in Section 15-45.080 of this Article. c) Slope adjustment. If the average slope of the lot is more than ten percent, the net site area of the lot shall be reduced by a percentage amount based upon the average slope and calculated as follows: Average Slope of the Lot Percentage of Net Site Area to be Deducted 10.01—20% 10% plus 2% for each 1 percent of slope over 10%* 20.01—30% 30% plus 3% for each 1 percent of slope over 20%* Over 30% 60% * Where the average slope is a fractional number, it shall be rounded up to the next whole number. (d) Floor area standards. After reducing the net site area by the amount required for the slope adjustment under subsection (c) of this Section, if any, the floor area standard for the lot shall be determined in accordance with the table set forth below: Size of Lot (Net Site Area) Floor Area Standard Less than 5,000 sq. ft. To be determined by Planning Commission 5,000—10,000 sq. ft. 2,400 sq. ft. plus 160 sq. ft. for each 1,000 sq. ft. of net site area over 5,000 sq. ft.* 10,001—15,000 sq. ft. 3,200 sq. ft. plus 170 sq. ft. for each 1,000 sq. ft. of net site area over 10,000 sq. ft.* 15,001—40,000 sq. ft. 4,050 sq. ft. plus 78 sq. ft. for each 1,000 sq. ft. of net site area over 15,000 sq. ft.* 40,001—80,000 sq. ft. 6,000 sq. ft. plus 20 sq. ft. for each 1,000 sq. ft. of net site area over 40,000 sq. ft.* 80,001—200,000 sq. ft. 6,800 sq. ft. plus 10 sq. ft. for each 1,000 sq. ft. of net site area over 80,000 sq. ft.* 200,000 + 8,000 sq. ft. is the maximum allowable square footage. * Where division of the net site area by 1,000 results in a fractional number the product shall be rounded up to the next whole number. (e) Maximum floor area allowed for R-1, HR and A zone districts. In the zone districts listed below the maximum allowable floor area shall be the lesser of the floor area standards or the maximum floor area specified as in the following table: Attachment D 5 Zone District Maximum Floor Area R-1—10,000 4,400 R-1—12,500 4,830 R-1—15,000 5,220 R-1—20,000 6,000 R-1—40,000 7,200 HR and A 8,000